For new subscribers in the United States to the Standard Bearer, there is a special offer: a ½ price subscription for one year--$8.50. Those in other countries can write for special rates as well to: The Standard Bearer, P.O. Box 603, Grandville, MI 49468-0603 or e-mail Mr. Don Doezema.

Each issue of the Standard Bearer is available on cassette tape for those who are blind, or who for some other reason would like to be able to listen to a reading of the SB. This is an excellent ministry of the Evangelism Society of the Southeast Protestant Reformed Church. The reader is Ken Rietema of Southeast Church. Anyone desiring this service regularly should write:

Meditation:

Rev. Rodney Miersma

Rev. Miersma is pastor of Immanuel Protestant Reformed Church in Lacombe, Alberta, Canada.

The Blessed Merciful

Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. Matthew 5:7

It has been some time since we last looked at the beatitudes which Christ spoke in the first part of His sermon on the mount. There are seven of them, each indicating a virtue which must be evident in the child of God. So far we have treated four of them, each one being negative in character, pointing out that the citizens of the kingdom of heaven are nothing in themselves. They are “poor in spirit,” “mourners,” “meek,” and thus they “hunger and thirst after righteousness.”

The next three are positive spiritual virtues seen in the Christian. He is “merciful,” “pure in heart,” and a “peacemaker.” In this way the Christian is presented as one who in himself is empty, but who is filled with spiritual blessings. These blessings are his for the sake of his Savior Jesus Christ. At this time we look at the fifth beatitude, the beautiful virtue of mercy, a virtue seen only in the child of God.

Mercy is, first of all, an attribute of God. Eternally God is merciful in Himself, which means that to all eternity He desires His own blessedness. All that He is, all that He does, is directed to this end: that His name be most blessed forever.

This mercy He was pleased to reveal outside of Himself to His own glory. We see it manifested to Adam in Paradise in the state of perfection. In the very act of creating Adam He revealed that He would make a creature blessed even as God Himself is. Thus Adam was fashioned in the very image of God, in true knowledge, righteousness, and holiness. Adam then sinned, and we see God showing His mercy to him also after the fall into sin. God would deliver His people from sin and death and bring them to the glory of heaven. From this point of view, mercy is God’s desire to make a people who were dead in sin to be alive again in true righteousness. This mercy is not directed to all men head for head, but is directed exclusively toward that people whom God elected in Christ.“ According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love” (Eph. 1:4).

Having spoken of mercy in general, we now see that God applies His mercy specifically. Scripture presents God’s mercy as His desire to raise His people out of their sin and misery. “Sing, O heavens; and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into singing, O mountains: for the Lord hath comforted his people, and will have mercy upon his afflicted” (Is. 49:13). We see here that this mercy is directed toward the afflicted, a mercy which actually does deliver. “Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost” (Titus 3:5). This mercy is that which God shows through His Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord, through whose blood He saves us. He desires to make His people blessed in the way of having their sins removed. There is no other way for the mercy of God to be shown. This mercy is not universally directed to every man without exception, but is directed only to some, to those whom He has eternally chosen. “So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy. Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth” (Rom. 9:16, 18). We may not pretend to be wiser than God, nor falsely claim that God is merciful to everyone without exception.

God’s people also are merciful. As God is concerned with sin and misery and its removal, so is the child of God. He is not concerned simply with the external evidences of misery, but he is concerned with the root cause of it all. The merciful Christian insists that there must be repentance from sin, and he directs the sinner to the cross of Christ. That is being merciful.

This mercy is not found in natural, unregenerated man. He may perform many acts that are called merciful, but Scripture says “that the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel” (Prov. 12:10). This is true because they do not regard the law of God, or perform their acts in the love of God or out of living faith. They certainly do remove some external miseries, but they have no concern for the root cause: sin. Such “tender mercy” is indeed “cruel.”

True mercy proceeds out of a regenerated heart — and only out of a regenerated heart. It is the fruit of Christ’s work in the heart of the born-again child of God. Where that mercy is not evident, there is no evidence that such a one is a citizen of the kingdom of heaven. On the other hand, where true mercy is seen, there is seen the indication that such a one is a child of God.

Many false attempts are made to manifest mercy, most of which emphasize the social aspect. Many individuals help others in distress and assist them in their trials. Many volunteers donate their time and effort to help others. Some give of their wealth for the assistance of those who are worse off than they. This social aspect is often emphasized as the duty of the church. It is maintained that the duty of the church is to relieve the needs of the poor and the oppressed, to provide hospitals and clinics — especially for the poor, to fight for those oppressed people of the minority races, etc. Thus the church must be in the forefront of crusades for all sorts of things on earth. Mercy is understood to be mostly outward actions which show our concern toward mankind generally.

This shows a misunderstanding of the scriptural view of mercy. It neglects entirely or ignores the fact that the emphasis of the church is upon the preaching of the Word of God. The church is not called to concentrate upon the surface difficulties, but to get to the heart of the problem. One often proceeds from the idea that through outward deeds he will be able to convince sinners concerning the value of Christianity. Thus he will gain converts through his own efforts and by his own example. However, neither persuasive speeches nor outward acts can convert sinners. What is essential is the work of the Holy Spirit, who causes sinners to be born again and leads them to repentance and confession before God.

The citizens of the kingdom of heaven must show proper mercy both within and without their church. Within the church it is their mutual desire to assure one another of the wonderful salvation which is theirs in Jesus Christ the Lord. Where there is need of warning against sin, that warning is given in mercy. Where there is need of instruction in the Word of God, the faithful saint gives that in mercy. He does so because he desires that he and all the elect saints of God enjoy the blessedness God has promised for the sake of His Son. It is also the privilege of the child of God to assist his fellow saint in material things. In the church we find both rich and poor, as graciously determined by God. Those who have more can assist those who are in need. Therefore there is the privilege both of giving and of receiving in mercy. This is the fruit of the mercy of Christ shown to His people.

Today much of the privilege of showing mercy has been taken out of the hands of the church and given to the state. There is Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and a host of various welfare programs. This has not been to our spiritual profit. We must be encouraged to manifest true mercy by giving materially. In the New Testament we read of collections taken for the poor saints in Jerusalem during the time of famine. We read also that even the world observed the concern that fellow saints had for each other.

However, mercy is shown also to those outside of the church. This must not be equated exclusively with material assistance. Mercy is shown beyond the realm of the church centrally in the preaching of the gospel. Christ did not tell His disciples to go into all the world to found hospitals, to distribute food and clothing, and to abolish slavery, but to preach the gospel. To preach the pure Word of God is the expression of mercy by the church. It is the desire of the church that all those who are elect of God, but yet in their sins, may be brought to that blessedness which the church enjoys. In conjunction with the preaching, the church has the opportunity to assist those with whom she labors in their material needs. But primarily, if we are to keep our priorities straight, mercy is centrally connected with the good news of salvation.

The merciful shall receive mercy. Certainly it will be shown to God’s children in the day of judgment. Christ shall return and confront all peoples of all ages and express His judgment. The wicked who revealed their cruel mercies shall be assigned to hell. They showed no true mercy, so no mercy will be shown to them. But the merciful shall enjoy the full manifestation of the mercy of God. He who eternally desired to make them blessed in Jesus Christ shall now do so to all eternity. For that final revelation of God’s mercy the church throughout the ages has longed.

We do not have to wait until judgment day to receive the mercy of God. No, He shows that already to us on earth, though not in its full and final form. From eternity God determined to show mercy in His Son Jesus Christ. In the fullness of time that Son entered our flesh to suffer and die under the wrath of God for the sins of His people. Now God assures regenerated, confessing children of God that He is merciful to them. He brings them to the consciousness of their sins and miseries. Yet, children of God are not discouraged, for God also brings them to the conscious belief that the blood of the Lamb has removed the guilt of these sins and that they are saved from sin and death. Now we enjoy the mercy of God’s presence through the Holy Spirit. Mercifully He guides us by His Word every day. Already now we are blessed in obtaining mercy.

This mercy is sure. Not because we show mercy does God then show us mercy. This is not in harmony with the scriptural doctrine of grace. Christ is emphasizing that the mercy of God is surely given. Those who have experienced the wonder of God’s work in them, so that they show mercy, know assuredly that they shall obtain mercy of God. What God does is reward His own work in us. Those who show no mercy, into whose heart is not evident God’s work, must not think that God will nevertheless show them mercy. But those who have shown the fruit of God’s work in them, let them be assured without doubt that they shall enjoy the fullness of God’s mercy finally in heaven

Editorial:

Prof. David J. Engelsma

Herman Hoeksema's Romans Sermons (2)

Their Value

Hoeksema’s sermons on Romans are valuable in several respects. First, they add to our knowledge of the theological thinking of a great Reformed theologian. The series contributes significantly to our knowledge of Herman Hoeksema’s theology, inasmuch as in the series Hoeksema explains the book of Romans. From the time of the Reformation, the Protestant churches have recognized Romans as the one book of the Bible that, more than any other, sets forth the entire gospel of salvation by the sovereign grace of God in a thorough, systematic way. Martin Luther called the epistle to the Romans “the masterpiece of the New Testament, the purest Gospel of all.” John Calvin declared that “this epistle [Romans], besides many other and singular graces found in it, has one proper and peculiar to it, which can never be sufficiently prized and esteemed; this is that anyone who has achieved a true understanding of it has as it were an open door through which to enter into the most secret treasures of Scripture.”

All of the fundamental teachings that make up the gospel of grace appear in the book: the depravity and guilt of man; justification; the atonement by the death of Christ; sanctification; predestination; good works as fruits of faith; and more.

At the end of the series on Romans, in sermon ninety-seven, Hoeksema referred to the book whose exposition he was now completing as “one of the richest and most beautiful parts of the Word of God.”

Many Reformed people, including the scholars, will be interested in this work simply to discover what Herman Hoeksema believed concerning various doctrines. For example, sermon forty on Romans 7:4 (“Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead to the law ... that ye should be married to another”) shows that already by the late 1930s Hoeksema believed, and publicly taught, that marriage is an unbreakable bond for life.

Just as the marriage relation between man and wife is exclusive, so the relation between Christ and His people is exclusive. Christ belongs to the church, and the church belongs to Christ and to no one else. If she flirts, she becomes an adulteress. Finally, it is a union for life. The union cannot be broken, even as the marriage relation cannot be broken. The marriage relation is a union for life.

Second, the value of the sermons is that they are models for Reformed ministers. The example of the Romans sermons should encourage ministers to preach series. It should also encourage the people to desire the preaching of series of sermons on an entire book of the Bible. Series preaching edifies the church as the preaching from texts haphazardly chosen—or purposefully chosen—from here and there and everywhere does not. By the preaching of series, the minister himself grows.

The series on Romans should encourage ministers to preach through doctrinal books. The sermons will also give guidance, how to do this.

These sermons will be of help to ministers, how to choose the theme of a sermon and then develop that theme by arranging the material of the passage in two or three main thoughts. The sermons are models of homiletics. No more than it is right simply to go to the pulpit with any other man’s work would it be right for a minister to preach these sermons as his own, but they can certainly instruct in the craft of sermon making. I can see them becoming a text for the homiletics course, and not only at the Protestant Reformed Seminary.

Above all else, the worth of the sermons is that they are a sound, penetrating exposition of the Word of God in the book of Romans—a commentary on Romans. They are a rather complete commentary. In the nature of the case, they are not a commentary on every verse and every word. Nevertheless, the exposition covers the entire book; treats all the main thoughts; includes word study of important, or difficult, words; concerns itself with significant connections and relations; and, even though concentrating on the main verse in a passage, usually brings in and briefly explains the other verses in the passage.

For example, when he came to Romans 7:1ff., Hoeksema preached verse four, about our marriage to Christ. In the course of the exposition of verse four, he commented also on verses two and three, which teach the truth that earthly marriage is for life and thus serves as the basis for the spiritual reality of our marriage to Christ.

If Hoeksema’s exposition of Romans lacks the helpfulness of a commentary that proceeds verse by verse and virtually word by word, it has the great advantage that it gives the meaning of each of the chapters and, indeed, of all the particular passages or individual texts that make up the chapters. The exposition makes the meaning perfectly plain to the people of God. In addition, it applies the doctrine of the text or passage to the life and experience of the saints. Righteous by Faith Alone is a devotional commentary: a genuine exposition that carries out the purpose of the Holy Spirit with the book of Romans, namely, to edify the body of Christ.

Qualified Interpreter

Hoeksema was uniquely qualified to explain the book of Romans. He was naturally gifted, widely read, and a theologian who by the time he preached the series had worked long and hard at disciplined theological study, both as a pastor and as a seminary professor.

In addition, like the apostle Paul himself, who wrote the book of Romans, Hoeksema was zealous for the glory of God in His sovereignty. Only such a man can rightly explain and preach the book of Romans. It was this zeal for the glory of the sovereign God that made Hoeksema fearless in acknowledging God’s sovereignty where it is found in Romans, as it made him diligent in exploring God’s sovereignty within the limits, but then to the full extent of these limits, of the revelation in Romans. Lack of this zeal for the glory of God is the reason why so many commentators falter and fail in their exposition of Romans, especially when they come to chapters eight through eleven, on divine predestination.

There is in the Romans sermons explanation of certain passages that even corrects the erroneous interpretation given by Calvin in his commentary on Romans. One of the weakest and most dangerous sections of Calvin’s Romans commentary is his explanation of “all men” in Romans 5:12ff. Commenting on the phrase in verse 18, “even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life,” Calvin wrote: “Paul makes grace common to all men, not because it in fact extends to all, but because it is offered to all. Although Christ suffered for the sins of the world, and is offered by the goodness of God without distinction to all men, yet not all receive Him” (John Calvin, The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Romans and to the Thessalonians, tr. Ross Mackenzie, Eerdmans, 1961, pp. 117, 118).

Regardless whether one agrees or disagrees with the doctrine that amazingly escaped from Calvin in these two sentences (were I of higher-critical bent, I would suggest that some later editor inserted these lines, and that this editor was James Arminius), this doctrine is not the teaching of the apostle in the text. Romans 5:18 does not teach that the grace of righteousness is ineffectually offered to all, but that it effectually comes upon all, so that all are righteous and live. As effectually as Adam’s offense rendered all condemned, so effectually did Christ’s righteous deed justify all men.

Hoeksema corrected Calvin, though not explicitly, explaining the “all” who are justified by Christ as all who are represented by Him according to eternal election. In sermon thirty-three, Hoeksema said this about the “all men” in Romans 5:18 to whom the righteousness of Christ came:

“Upon all men,” the text says. There are some who, regardless of anything Scripture teaches elsewhere, insist that “all men” means every individual of the human race. According to them, the verse teaches that as every individual is under condemnation because of the one offense, so justification of life comes upon every individual of the human race because of one righteousness. There are two distinct theories about this. One theory teaches that every individual is saved. This is consistent. The other theory recognizes that not all are saved. It teaches that all men are justified in Christ as far as God’s intention is concerned, there being a condition upon which the fulfillment of God’s intention depends. The question to every man then becomes, “Do you want it? Do you want to be justified?” In other words, this theory explains it in such a way that the justification of Christ was not a justification after all.

The truth is that those who according to God’s verdict are justified are also saved, even as those who are condemned according to God’s verdict must die. Scripture says, “Whom he justified, them he also glorified” [ Rom. 8:30 ]. The simple meaning is this: all men in the one man, and all men in the other man. Just as, on the one hand, the rule is, through one man condemnation upon all who are in him (and this is all men), so through one man justification of life upon all who are in Him (and this is the elect church). Christ did not make of justification a chance. The judgment took place 1900 years ago. Even as all in Adam die, so all in Christ are justified.

(to be continued…)

Ministering to the Saints:

Rev. Doug Kuiper

Rev. Kuiper is pastor of the Protestant Reformed Church of Randolph, Wisconsin

The Qualifications of Deacons (7)

Their Proving

In telling His church what kind of men her deacons must be, God sets a high standard.

We have examined this standard in the past several articles. The deacon must be full of the Holy Ghost, of wisdom, and of faith; he must hold the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience; he must manifest God’s inworked grace by living a blameless life, being grave, not doubletongued, not given to much wine, not greedy of filthy lucre; he must be faithful to one wife, ruling his children and house well; and his wife must be grave, not a slanderer, sober, faithful in all things.

One requirement must be noted yet — one which will also underscore how high the standard for deacons is. We read in I Timothy 3:10: “And let these also first be proved; then let them use the office of a deacon, being found blameless.”

We have already examined the idea of the deacon being blameless (cf. SB October 1, 2001). But how do we know if a man is blameless or not? The answer is: prove him! Only after he is proved, and found to be blameless, may he be installed into office as a deacon.

We should be clear on what is meant by this proving, and how it is done.

To prove something is to test it, examine it, try it, to see if it is genuine.

We often use the word “prove” with reference to metal ore. Gold ore, for instance, contains many impurities. To remove them, so that one can have pure gold, one puts the ore through a fire. The fire removes the impurities by burning some up and by melting the gold so that other impurities can be removed from it. That which is left behind is genuine gold — it has been “proved” to be such.

Scripture also uses the word “prove” with reference to God trying our faith (James 1:3, for example). Persecution, for instance, is a means by which God proves the members of His church on earth, to make known whether or not their faith is genuine. The fact is that to have one’s membership in a Christian church does not mean one is a child of God; in the church are also unconverted unbelievers. From time to time God sends persecution or other afflictions upon His church. Persecution causes those who are not truly God’s children to leave the church, and it strengthens the faith of those who are.

We see that proving something, in the sense in which the word is used in our text, results in a separation between that which is genuine and that which is not.

Now the Holy Spirit in our text requires that the church prove men for the office of deacon. There are many men in the church; but do not think that all of them are qualified to be deacon! A process of proving must take place, to know whether one is fit to be a deacon or not. Some men, when proved, are found not to be blameless. They may not be put in office. Others are found to be blameless; they are qualified.

How ought this proving be carried out?

The point of the passage is not to require a formal, oral examination of prospective deacons, in the way in which candidates for the ministry are examined. According to Peter Y. DeJong a certain Jacobus Koelman did argue that the text required such an examination:

Thus before anyone might be publicly installed he would have to submit to an examination on doctrine, conduct, and general knowledge of the nature and functions of this office. This was to take place before the elders and deacons who already held office in the congregation.1

Reformed churches have not adopted this idea, however. John Calvin says rightly, “This trial is not for a single hour, but consists in long experience. 2

Some have argued that this proving is accomplished by allowing the prospective deacon to begin doing the work of the office on a trial basis for a period of probation, after which a final determination is made regarding his ability to do the work.3 The problem with this idea is twofold: first, a man must not be put into office until after being examined, according to this text (“then let them use the office of a deacon,” emphasis mine, DJK); and second, in such an examination the emphasis shifts from the qualifications of the man, to whether he does the work well. But the text requires the church to examine whether he be qualified for office. If he is qualified, and if God calls him to the office, he will do the work well, by God’s grace.

The best way to fulfill the requirement that a deacon first be proved is simple: councils must evaluate each man whose name comes up for the office, whether he is truly fit for it or not. The men of the council must discuss the person amongst themselves, in confidentiality but also in true love for that person and the church. The question must be openly and honestly faced: “Are there reasons that can be brought forward why such a man is not qualified for the office?” So DeJong writes:

Undoubtedly this passage refers to one of the responsibilities which rests upon the consistory at the time of making nominations. The church must be assured that those who are appointed to this work possess the gifts of wisdom and gravity so highly essential in the diaconal ministry.4

What standard should be used in proving them?

Of course, the standard of God’s Word, in I Timothy 3:8ff. The council must ask itself whether the prospective deacon measures up to these qualifications. DeJong says:

A warning ought to be sounded against the rather prevalent attitude that any young man who is a member in good and regular standing and possesses a measure of business acumen has the necessary qualifications for the ministry of mercy. Often the hope is expressed in such cases that because the deacon’s work is not too difficult such a candidate if elected will soon be able to perform the work suitably. This, of course, is contrary to the spirit of the text of Scripture. 5

Nothing other than the qualifications of Scripture are the standard!

In this connection, note one qualification which we have not yet examined: the deacon must not be a novice.

It might seem at first that Scripture nowhere makes this requirement of deacons. Of the elders, not the deacons, we read: “Not a novice, lest being lifted up with pride he fall into the condemnation of the devil” (I Tim. 3:6). However, the Spirit refers to this verse just quoted when in verse 10 He says of deacons: “and let these also first be proved.” Notice: “also!” That is, just as men who are relatively new to the faith should not be put into the office of elder, so also men who are relatively new to the faith should not be put into the office of deacon — prove them first! A person who recently joined a congregation might appear to have the natural and spiritual gifts necessary to hold the office of deacon, but not actually have them. After some time, as the council and congregation observe the individual and get to know him better, they will be able better to determine whether or not he has the necessary qualifications.

Does the requirement that a deacon first be proved, and that he not be a novice, mean we should impose a minimum age requirement on deacons?

Some have imposed such restrictions on deacons. The Council of Carthage in 397 decided that deacons must be at least 25. 6 James Barnett defends this:

This age allows time for individuals to gain sufficient maturity and Christian formation to make responsible decisions in so weighty a matter and yet at the same time be young enough for their patterns of living to be shaped more readily in this ministry.7

In 1967, Pope Paul VI fixed the minimum age at 25 for single men, and at 35 for those men who were married. The Catholic Bishops in the United States went a step further by requiring all deacons, whether married or not, to be at least 35. The American Episcopal Church in 1952 set the minimum age at 21. 8

When a Reformed person hears that this is the rule of the Roman Catholic Church, he might be tempted to see this as one more way in which precept has been added upon precept, and in which churches have gone beyond that which is required by God. Perhaps it is another instance of such, in the particular case of the Romish church. However, the church of Jesus Christ is free to set guidelines in this regard, if her purpose in doing so is to guide her in being faithful to the requirement of Scripture. Some of our churches have done essentially the same thing, in requiring that a man be a member of that congregation for a certain period of time before being considered for office in the church. The ground for this requirement is found in the Word of God, “And let these also first be proved.”

Even if we do not set a minimum age limit in stone (and I think we ought not), the fact is that councils do well to consider the age of a man when determining whether or not he is qualified.

A danger that must be avoided in considering a man’s age is that we say of a prospective deacon, he is too old, let us consider him for elder, and find younger men to fill the office of deacon. No support can be found in Scripture for a notion that the deacons should be the younger men of the church. Let the deacons also be proved to be mature men.

Maturity is the real issue, then. We must ask about a man’s age, because it is one indicator of his maturity. Admittedly, it is not the only indicator — that is why putting a minimum age limit in stone would not be helpful or wise. One man might be mature enough at the age of 24 to hold the office of deacon; another might not be mature enough even though he is 42.

And not just physical or intellectual maturity, but spiritual maturity, is the real standard. He must be found to be blameless. Is he found to be that in all his life? Is his walk godly in every respect? Is his theology sound? The real point of the qualification “let him first be proved” is that, not just any man, but only the best, be selected for the office of deacon. So Calvin succinctly states the point of the passage when he says:

In a word, when deacons are to be ordained, the choice must not fall at random, and without selection, on any that come to hand; but those men are to be chosen who are approved by their past life in such a manner that, after what may be called full inquiry, they are ascertained to be well qualified.9

Councils, is this your desire, that when you nominate men for the office of deacon you settle not just for the mediocre men, with the best being selected for elder; and not just for the younger men, with the older ones being selected for elder; but you select the best men for both offices? That is how God would have it!

In light of this requirement that the deacon be proved, some words of advice are in order for any man who desires the good work of the office of deacon in his particular congregation. First, get to know the people of the congregation, and show them that you love them. Attend the Bible Studies regularly, prepare well for them, and contribute wisely. Talk with the people of God after church; mingle in different groups; and let your talk be on spiritual subjects. Show a concern already for those who are ill or in need.

Second, be a godly man in all of your life, even at work, or on vacation, and at other times when the church’s leaders and members will not notice you. Let the world see that if your congregation selects you for office, you are a man fit to serve!

Third, make it your business to read and study on your own. A deacon must be a theologically sound man!

Finally, do none of the above, if you will not do it from a sincere heart. This advice is not intended for one who looks only at the earthly honor and power he could have in the church if he holds the office of deacon, and who is therefore looking for the best way to campaign for that office. Such a man is singularly unqualified for the office! The advice is for the man who desires to serve God and His church in this office. Then do the things mentioned above, and you will prove yourself fit to serve.

1. Peter Y. DeJong, The Ministry of Mercy for Today (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1963), page 101.

2.Cf. Calvin’s commentary on I Timothy 3:10.

3.Charles W. DeWeese, The Emerging Role of Deacons (Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1979), page 74. DeWeese does not say that he personally takes this view, but he says that some Baptist churches do.

4. DeJong, op. cit., page 101.

5. DeJong, op. cit., page 102.

6. Cf. James Monroe Barnett, The Diaconate: A Full and Equal Order (Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International, 1995), page 182.

7. Ibid., page 182.

8. Cf. Jeaninne E. Olson, One Ministry, Many Roles: Deacons and Deaconesses Through the Centuries (St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House), pages 358-359, and page 367, as well as Barnett, page 182, for this information.

9. Cf. his commentary on this passage.

Taking Heed to the Doctrine:

Rev. Steven Key

Rev. Key is pastor of the Protestant Reformed Church of Hull, Iowa.

Saving Faith -- A Living Connection with Christ (2)

We have seen that a proper understanding of faith begins, not with the activity of believing, but with the truth that faith is first and essentially a living connection with Christ, the bond which God by His Holy Spirit establishes when He grafts us into His own dear Son.

God’s Work Alone

When we consider the establishment of that graft, we get to the very heart of the truth of the Christian faith.

It is in wisdom that the Heidelberg Catechism approaches the question of salvation with this question (Q. 20): “Are all men then, as they perished in Adam, saved by Christ?” The answer is: “No, only those who are engrafted into Him.”

That same question could conceivably have been asked in different ways. If salvation were in any way the work of man, then the question might be asked this way: Are all men going to accept Christ? But when we consider the truth of the Scriptures that we read in Ephesians 2, that salvation is the work of God, then the question has to be put this way: Whom does God save? “Are all men then, as they perished in Adam, saved by Christ?”

You understand immediately that the question is an extremely serious question from the viewpoint of the sinner! We must have the correct answer to that question!

We must not be motivated in our answer by our emotional ties to our flesh and blood and our loved ones. That happens very quickly. When Scripture tells us that not all men are saved, it also reminds us very pointedly that those who perish may be our own flesh and blood! Those who perish may include our own children or family members! They may include our neighbor with whom we are well acquainted and who is such a nice man or woman.

Oh, when it comes to foreigners or heathen it is very easy to be dogmatic. It is very simple to talk about election and reprobation when you talk about people in the abstract, those whom you do not know and whom you have never seen.

But when those who perish may involve your own flesh and blood, your own children, your own brothers and sisters, that changes the picture, doesn’t it?

If you then must answer this question, and you are influenced by your emotions, you may give a wrong answer. You may be inclined to soft-pedal the truth, to change it just slightly. You may be afraid to point your loved ones to the everlasting consequences of their sins, to the necessity of that living graft with Christ. You may be afraid you will lose them if you talk about such things.

The preacher might do this within his congregation. It is much easier to seek a superficial and outward peace than to preach with conviction the truth that not all men shall be saved. It is much easier to pacify than to declare that all unbelievers, and such as do not sincerely repent, stand exposed to the wrath of God and eternal condemnation so long as they are unconverted, so long as they are not partakers of that living graft of salvation.

But if that happens, we have departed from the truth of Scripture and the way of salvation.

Therefore, we must not face the question, who shall be saved, from the viewpoint of our own emotions and feelings; but we must seek from God the answer to this question. And He has given us the answer in His Word.

God saves those who are grafted into Christ. This graft is established by God alone.

That is the truth set forth in the Scriptures.

It is a truth corrupted by many today.

Some claim that ultimately all men that ever lived shall be saved. Because the modern church generally teaches that God loves all men, there has been an increase in the number of those who hold to the idea of universal salvation. The moment men begin to twist the truth and teach that God loves everyone, what will certainly follow is the conclusion that God saves everyone. Whom God loves He will save. That must certainly follow. It may take several years after the initial departure from the truth, but it will certainly follow.

We have had ample opportunity in other connections to refute that heresy. We are all acquainted with the scene in Matthew 25, which speaks of the judgment day. Of them who were not His own and who did not His works, Jesus says in Matthew 25:46: “And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.”

Most of those who fall into the error of the Arminians agree wholeheartedly with the fact that not all men are saved. Followers of Arminian thought will even agree with you when you say that faith is a gift of God. If they know their Bibles at all, they will remember Ephesians 2:8. They will acknowledge that “by grace are ye saved through faith, and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God.”

But if you want to have clearly before you the scriptural truth of the establishment of faith, you have to ask this question: “To whom does God give faith?”

The Arminian says, “God gives faith to those who will it. That grace of God which alone saves can enter your heart only if you will it. You must open the door of your heart a crack, or at least unlock the door, in order that God may give you faith.” That is the position of the Arminian.

Over against that, you and I must stand on the basis of Scripture and say, “Here we part ways.” For Scripture teaches that God gives faith to them to whom He wills to give it.

“Are all men then, as they perished in Adam, saved by Christ? No, only those who are engrafted into Him.”

This engrafting is a work of God under which you and I are completely passive. The establishment of a living graft is a divine mystery.

How foolishly applied to the scriptural figure of the living graft is the idea that you must graft yourself into Christ. Shall we place as a ground for salvation the condition that you must graft yourself into Christ? Does such a thing ever take place in nature? Does a twig pick itself up off the ground and graft itself into the living vine?! How could Jesus then even use such a figure as in John 15 and Romans 11?

Our salvation is a wonder work of God.

Ephesians, Chapter 2

That is also the truth expressed throughout Ephesians, chapter 2. Let us do a brief overview of that passage.

“And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins.” Notice how strongly the apostle puts that. You were dead. A dead man has no hand with which to accept Christ. A spiritually dead man has not the power to believe, let alone to graft himself into the source of life. And the apostle repeats that devastating view of man in verse 5, “we were dead in sins.” That death is described in the verses 2 and 3.

“And you hath he quickened.” Or again, “But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us, Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved;) And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus.”

There you have the truth as we are considering it. God Himself and God alone has made us sit together in Christ Jesus and to receive all His benefits. That is the gospel of our salvation.

And how does God make us sit together in Christ Jesus? Through faith!

“For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast.”

Faith is that bond, that living graft, established by God alone. And by that living graft we are united with Christ, in order that we might receive all His benefits and bear fruits unto the glory of God into all eternity.

A Fruitful Graft

The establishment of that graft bears a fruitful consequence. Christ, in whom we now live, not only merited life and salvation for us, but He bestows them upon us. He bestows the blessings of salvation upon us by His Holy Spirit.

Do you understand what that means as a matter of your own salvation and experience?

There are millions upon millions of elect from the beginning to the end of the world, as innumerable as the stars of the sky in multitude and the sand upon the seashore. Think of what must happen in all of those elect throughout their lives. Think only of your own life. Yes, Christ bestows upon us what He has received from the hand of His heavenly Father — an inexhaustible supply of fruits, the Spirit beyond measure!

And the wonderful way in which we receive those benefits is the way of our own personal experience.

That salvation does not come to us through a funnel. The connection is spiritual. We are grafted into Christ Himself, to be fruitful partakers of His life and attributes. We receive all His benefits. The living branch draws its life from the vine, and itself bears fruit.

Except you abide in Christ, you cannot bear fruit. That is John 15:5. But it is impossible for one who is grafted into Christ with that living graft of faith not to bear the fruits of Christ. Jesus says, “He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit.”

You and I ought to be conscious of our own emptiness. But we ought also to be conscious of Christ’s fullness and our own experience of that fullness. The more we study the concept of this living graft, and the more conscious we are of the fact that we dwell in Christ only as a wonder work of God’s sovereign, irresistible grace, the more we shall not only be fruitful, but abound in fruitfulness.

Do not overlook that truth expressed by our Lord, “He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit.” That much fruit is borne by the activity of saving faith. The bond begets the activity. So faith is seen as God’s work in and through us.

The activity of faith we shall proceed to consider in our next articles, God willing.

Conclusion

From heaven echoes the eternal decree of election. God confirmed it in the fullness of time with the sending of His Son, who died and rose again that we might have life, and that more abundantly. He grafts us into Christ by the work of the Holy Spirit. He sends forth His Word throughout the history of this world, by the preaching of the gospel. And He crowns His work. For when the sinner cries out, “God, be merciful unto me! How great thou art!” then God’s name is glorified in the fruit of His grace. And shall be forever and ever.

All Around Us:

Rev. Ken Koole

Rev. Ken Koole is pastor of Faith Protestant Reformed Church in Jenison, Michigan

An Alarming Milestone in Human Cloning

Yes, human cloning is back in the headlines again, and in blockbuster fashion. Advanced Cell Technology, a small biotech start-up company in Worcester, MA, announced in mid-October that they have successfully engineered the world’s first cloned human embryo. Due to the complex, fragile structure of human DNA, this breakthrough occurred sooner than most had thought possible, taking most by surprise. But, as expected, it was news stirring up reactions of greatest contrast. Many applauded it as the breakthrough of the young century; others responded with consternation and horror. U.S. News & World Report magazine, which was granted exclusive rights by the ACT company to follow its progress for publicity reasons, wrote a most glowing report. U.S. News’ slant on things was apparent already from the cover of their December 3 issue describing the American scientists responsible as those who “made history by creating lifesaving embryo cells.” (Note the word “lifesaving.” This, mind you, before there is one iota of evidence that the promised benefits will ever be anything but theory.) The cover article opens by trumpeting that “The breakthrough promises cures for terrible diseases.” No question which side of the issue this magazine, known for its conservative perspective, stands on.

On the other hand, World magazine (December 8, 2001) entitled its cover story on the breakthrough, “Monstrous, Inc.” (in reference to ACT, the company responsible). There seems to be little middle ground between the two reactions. You either applaud and shout down all criticism and warnings, or you are filled with alarm. Put me in the latter group.

What is especially alarming is the approach that the U.S. News magazine chose to introduce the cloning breakthrough to the world and nation. The article opens by introducing you to a certain Judson Somerville, paralyzed from the chest down due to a cycling accident, who donated some skin from his useless legs so it could be used for the experiment and lab work.

Somerville did not make the decision [to donate his skin cells] lightly. As a conservative Republican, a longtime contributor to President Bush, Somerville knows how controversial cloning is for many of his political compatriots. But he is also a devout Episcopalian. After consulting with his church leaders, Somerville concluded that being one of the first humans to be cloned — not to produce a baby, which he would never do, but to create healthy new cells for ailing patients — would be one of the best things he could do for his fellow man. His decision wasn’t completely selfless, however. Neurons derived from his own cloned embryo could end Somerville’s paralysis.

Now, Somerville may be a step closer to that walk [walking his daughter down the wedding aisle — KK], and humanity is moving into uncharted medical and ethical territory.

So the cloned cells come from one who is paralyzed, conservative, Republican, church-going, evidently anti-abortion, and wanting to walk his daughter down the aisle (with his bishops’ blessing besides). So much for objective reporting. About the only thing lacking is the blessing of Mother Theresa. And someone dares to raise objections to what science is trying to accomplish on behalf of this man and his dreams? What is it with you Christian “fundamentalists”? You, unfeeling in your health, would rather have others suffer, than to experience (or at least have a chance at) being healed and able to walk again and be pain free, and to use all parts of their bodies and brains. Old Ebenezer Scrooge had more of a soul than your sort. Christianity, indeed!

This is not a debate that will be carried on in a calm, scientifically detached fashion. Major geological plates of the ethical sort collide along these lines. The after-shocks still rumble, with more to come. As U.S. News goes on to admit:

The accomplishment presents huge challenges to every premise of scientific, religious, and legal thought. Given the intensity of last summer’s national debate over human embryonic stem cell research, ACT’s work is sure to become a lightning rod for conservative critics when the issue is taken up again in the months ahead. It will be condemned as an ethical abomination akin to playing God and described as the creation of embryos for spare parts. It will also be hailed as the hugest medical breakthrough of the past half century — an accomplishment that could cure many diseases of aging and provides hope for people like Somerville.

About this, U.S. News is correct. The question is, how does this reputedly conservative magazine justify its unqualified support? Well, you have to choose the right label. They speak not of “reproductive cloning” (which would be used to create a human being), but of “therapeutic cloning” (creating embryos to produce the all-important stem cells which, once stripped from the embryo, can be used in what is called “a therapeutic way”). This, then, is supposed to put everything into a different light. There are those who beg to differ. In an informative article entitled “Australian Pro-Lifers Challenge Stem-Cell Terminology,” Patrick Goodenough (Bureau Chief of the Pacific Rim News Agency) writes:

The signatories (of a letter by religious leaders to various branches of the Australian government) attacked the use of the labels “reproductive” and “therapeutic” in the cloning debate.

The terms have generally been used to distinguish between cases in which an embryo cloned in a lab will then be implanted into a womb and carried to birth, and those in which an embryo is cloned in order to be stripped of stem cells, and is destroyed in the process.

The latter case is known as “therapeutic” cloning because of the therapeutic benefits embryonic stem cells are believed to possess in the treatment of diseases. On the basis of this distinction, Britain earlier this year legalized “therapeutic” cloning, while insisting a ban on “reproductive” cloning would be enforced.

But pro-lifers argue that the term “therapeutic cloning” is a misnomer, intended to fudge the issue….

“They’ve called it therapeutic cloning to try to cause society to think, ‘This sounds good, we’re cloning for therapy, to help people with Parkinson’s Disease or whatever.’ But in fact it’s the dismembering of the embryo by removing the stem cells. The embryo itself gets no therapy at all, rather total destruction.”

In their letter, the Australian religious leaders and others tackle this issue.

“To produce an embryo is always ‘reproductive’; to destroy an embryo is never ‘therapeutic’,” they write….

In fact, the signatories argued that cloning with the intention of destroying the embryo once it is harvested of its stem cells is even worse than cloning a human being which is allowed to be born and develop as a child.

“Much worse than cloning human beings to reproduce children would be the creation or use of human embryos for the purpose of destructive experimentation,” they say — while making it clear this does not mean they support the former.

And so the battle is joined. Great issues at stake. But how can one say “No!” to what “promises” to be the miracle of healing and the end of suffering (and not be reviled as merciless and cruel!)?

World magazine puts the “breakthrough” into perspective.

The experiment was not an unqualified success. Although ACT was able to “parthenogenically activate” 22 human eggs and perform nuclear transfer on 17 eggs, none of the embryos survived beyond just a few cell divisions — all short of producing the stem cells for which the researchers had hoped. Some scientists quickly declared the experiment a failure.

But the ACT announcement is a major milestone in medical ethics. A moral threshold has been crossed, and proponents of cloning are certain that time is on their side.

The reality is, there is no going back. The only question is, what emergency legislation can be put in place to patch the dykes together for a time, and how long before the dykes and restrictions are swept away completely. Variations of Frank N. Stein organ-part by organ-part are only a petri dish away.

Christian Radio in UK Cited for Offensive Programming

In case you haven’t heard enough bad news to begin the new year, consider the following article by Martha Kleder of Cross Walk News Channel: Censure of Christianity in every form continues to rear its ugly, dragon head.

London’s only Christian radio station, Premier Christian Radio, has been cited by Britain’s Radio Authority (RA) for seven breaches of programming rules resulting from a broadcast found ‘offensive’ by listeners.

The RA also issued a Yellow Card — a serious warning that threatens a station’s license renewal — to Premier. The Yellow Card was issued for an “Insight For Living” broadcast by Dr. Chuck Swindoll that warned Christians about dabbling in the occult, a practice Swindoll said was “ensnaring” and “addicting” people. He then urged listeners to “burn books and all items” of such religions.

The Mysticism and Occult Federation, which filed the complaint against this broadcast, labeled such action a “hate crime.” That group filed 12 of 13 complaints against Premier in the July-September 2001 quarter. Of those, seven were either fully or partially upheld.

Another complaint upheld by the RA was against “Leading the Way,” where Michael Yusef stated that “the liberal church teaches the crazy idea that you can be a good Christian and a practicing homosexual,” and that “there can be no healing outside Christ.”

The RA found both statements to violate Rule 7.7 of the Radio Authority’s Program Code on religious abuse. The code states, “Theological debates and disagreements may occur within religious programs. However, programs and/or follow-up material must not be used to denigrate or attack the beliefs of other people.”

... U.S.-based broadcasts were not the only ones running afoul of Rule 7.7. An advertisement for a local church, Liberty Church International, also generated a complaint because the church helps “deliver you from sickness, poverty, abuse, racism, debt, occultism and fear.”

Infomercials for an upcoming seminar on occult practices and end-time events by New Zealander Barry Smith also generated a complaint. That complaint was upheld, as was another complaint against a show on the roots of Freemasonry.

However, the RA seems to be one-sided when dealing with Rule 7.7. A listener complaint was also filed against 96.4FM BRMB for offensive and ridiculing remarks made about the book of Leviticus. The RA decided in favor of the radio station.

Another complaint was filed against 96.9 Vikings FM for a call-in program asking listeners where they would like to have sex and requesting volunteers to have sex on the air. The RA ruled in favor of the radio station in that instance as well.

Neither did the RA act on complaints filed for derogatory comments about the Virgin Mary, sexist and sexually suggestive jokes, insults to the poor, Welsh speakers, and the mentally handicapped.

The only complaint the RA upheld against a secular radio station program involved crass and insensitive comments applauding the murder of a child.

The double standard of censure going on in Western society is frighteningly obvious. Anything that sounds like it might trace its lineage back to the “Good News” and dares expose ungodly idolatry in any form is to be silenced. But every other abomination and desecration is considered “freedom of speech.” If the media powers that be continue to have their way, “Silent Night” with a whole new meaning will be the Christless carol of the future.

But wait, this late breaking bulletin just in: Good News after all, “He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: The Lord shall have them in derision…. Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion…. Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their trust in him” (Ps. 2:4, 6, 12).

When Thou Sittest in Thine House:

Mrs. Connie Meyer

Mrs. Meyer is a wife and mother in Hope Protestant Reformed Church of Walker, Michigan

Telling the Towers to Our Children

Come, children, let’s take a walk together. There is something we want to show you. It is because of our great love for you that we want to show you this. Not that you are our first love, though. No, there is an object of our love that we love even more than you. Does that scare you? It ought not. In fact, if we did not have this “first love,” our love for you would be worthless. It would do you no good at all. So what is this “first love”? That is what we want to show you. Come. Come with us and see this wonderful thing.

There it is, over there on the mountain. Do you see it? It is beautiful for situation, is it not? See how it reflects the light of the sun. It almost looks like a castle, but it is more glorious than that. It is a mighty fortress with towers that cannot be moved. As we come closer to it, you can see how very large it is. It’s much bigger and stronger than any castle you have ever seen before. Come. We are very near to it now.

Look up. Look way up high and see how the towers reach up into the clouds. They are higher than you can imagine! They are strong, too. They are of such strength and magnitude that no weapon known to man can put one scratch upon them, much less knock them down. The walls surrounding the towers are just as strong. They are impenetrable. No enemy can touch you when you are inside these walls. When foes come and see this mighty fortress on the mount, they haste away in fear! This is a place of refuge where you are absolutely safe. Not a hair can fall from you head.

But there is more. This fortress is not only mighty, it is as beautiful as it is strong. Come, let us enter the gates. What glory is inside! The bulwarks are embedded with diamonds and rubies and all sorts of precious stones, stones not measured in carats but in pounds. Gold is the mortar that cements the ramparts in place, reinforced with platinum and pearls. In the courtyard, palm trees flourish near a sparkling fountain that bubbles up with purest, life-giving water. There is nothing but peace and joy and prosperity within the walls of this magni