Vol. 79; No. 17; June 1, 2003
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Table of Contents:
Meditation - Rev. Cornelius Hanko
Editorial - Prof. David J. Engelsma
Feature
Article – Rev. Angus Stewart
All Around Us – Rev. Kenneth Koole
Go Ye Into All the World – Rev. Jason Kortering
That They May Teach Them to Their Children -- Miss Agatha Lubbers
Taking Heed to the Doctrine – Rev. Steven Key
News From Our Churches - Mr. Benjamin Wigger
Meditation:
Rev. Cornelius Hanko
Rev. Hanko is a minister emeritus in the Protestant
Reformed Churches.
Tempted by Our Lust
Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God: for God cannot be tempted with evil, neither
tempteth he any man: But every man is
tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth
sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth
forth death.
“Let no man say, I am tempted of God!”
You and I should never say that. It
is sinful to do so. But a bit of soul
searching reveals that we often do exactly that, whether wittingly or unwittingly.
The occasion for saying that is that we have sinned, and we know it. It also bothers us.
But now our deceptive heart seeks an excuse. “That’s
my sinful nature.” But who gave you that
nature? “I really could not help it, I
was in a bind.” As if God placed us in a
situation that made it necessary for us to sin!
“I had no intention of doing that, but my companion really talked or forced me
into that.” Who gave you that
companion?! “That filthy liquor always
gets the best of me, and I had no one to drive for me.” Who drank the liquor that was offered to him?! Thus we could go on and on. There is a familiar saying that speaks of the road
to hell being paved with good intentions, and, we may add, with excuses.
Never say in any form or manner, “God tempted me.” For thereby we are heaping sin upon sin. The simple fact is that God Himself cannot be
tempted. Would you imagine that the devil is
greater than our God and could tempt Him? God
is holy, upright, righteous, and just! God is
God, the supreme Ruler of heaven and earth, far removed above all that is evil!
Nor does God tempt any man. It is true
that our temptations are under the supreme rule of the Most High God. Nothing befalls us apart from God’s will. The devil is not a power apart from or equal to
God. God is also sovereign over the devil. The devil cannot stir except by the will and power
of God. Therefore, when we are tempted, that
temptation is also in the wise, good, and eternal plan of God. His counsel stands and He does all His good
pleasure.
Yet God does not tempt us. It is the
devil who tempts. God tries His people. There is a definite difference between
“trying” and “tempting” — a difference in the motive, in the
manner in which it is done, and in the purpose.
God’s motive is always love for His people.
God always tries His children in love. The
devil is always motivated by hatred against the people of God. He hates you and me.
Moreover, God deals with us honestly, uprightly.
When God sends fiery trials He does so openly.
He even warns us not to sin. By His
indwelling Spirit, our voice of conscience speaks loudly to us, even though we do not heed
it. We know very well that what we are doing
is wrong. On the other hand, the devil uses
every form of trickery and cunning to deceive us and urge us into sin. He assures us that, under the circumstances, it is
perfectly proper for us to do the wrong. We
condone in ourselves that which we condemn in others.
Finally, God’s purpose is always pure. God
tries His people as by fire, that they may come forth out of the fiery trial stronger and
purer than before. But the devil is
determined to deceive us, that he may make us his friend and take us along with him into
hell.
Therefore, let us never say when we are tempted, “I am tempted of God!” For God cannot be tempted, nor does He tempt any
one. But let us be honest and say, “I am
tempted of my own lust. The guilt of my sin
lies with me.” For that is the truth of
the matter.
There is indeed a drawing away and a deception that leads into sin, and that also
is according to the will and counsel of God for our good.
Satan is given the power, otherwise he could not attack us. An example of that is given to us in the book of
Job. God calls Satan’s attention to His
servant Job, of whom He says that he is “a perfect and upright man, and one that
feareth God and escheweth evil.” Upon
Satan’s request, God gives the devil power to take all his children and all his
possessions from him, but Satan may not touch Job’s person. Later, Satan is given power to turn Job’s
wife against him, to cover him with sores that make his life most burdensome, and even to
cause his friends to heap accusations and scorn upon him.
Yet, in the end, God revealed to Job that He is sovereign Lord over all and does
all things for the welfare of those He loves.
For us, temptations remain very real. The
devil is very cunning, very deceptive. He can
also summon many forces to his aid. He has
many demons at his disposal, possibly an organized host with degrees of authority, one
over the other, so that each demon is appointed to a certain person or task.
He also has the whole world of wicked men at his beck and call. That world can lure with all its riches and
entertainment, all of which strongly appeals to our sinful flesh. Especially in these affluent times we can readily
forget that we are pilgrims and strangers in the world, and that our treasure is laid away
for us in heaven. How rarely shall a rich
man enter into the kingdom of heaven. On the
other hand, this present evil world can also threaten our business, our position, our job,
or our family. The closer we come to the end
of the ages the stronger that threat will be. The
time is not far off when we will no longer be able to buy or sell, because we belong to
the party of the living God. Our possessions
will be taken away from us, even our automobile that seems so necessary for our existence. If we still have a home, the beast will know every
word we utter and everything we do, even in the confines of our home. We may even be imprisoned or lose our lives for
Christ’s sake.
Moreover, the devil can use those who are closest to us, a friend or a member of
our family, to lure us into sin or betray us. Especially
as we approach the end of the ages, all the powers of darkness will put forth one final
effort to destroy God’s cause, including us, from the face of the earth. Only he who endures to the end will be saved.
Yet, all these powers of evil could not affect us in the least if it were not for
our sinful nature, the old man of sin within us. There
dwells within us the lust of the eyes, causing our eyes to be drawn to sin; the lust of
the flesh, warring within us to destroy us; and the pride of life, that big I
that likes to be as God. He imagines that he
is so much better than others. If all men
were like him, what a splendid world this would be.
Paul writes: “The works of the
flesh are manifest, which are these; adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness,
idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envyings, murder, drunkenness, revellings, and such like”
(Gal. 5:19-21).
All this has its origin in our sinful lust. James
warns us that “when lust hath conceived it bringeth forth sin.” Like a woman who becomes pregnant with child, so
lust conceives and brings forth a very ugly offspring, sin.
That sin produces another child, even more ugly than the former, a worse sin. And that second offspring produces a third, worse
than before, and so on and on….
Sin is separation from God; therefore, under His righteous judgment, God gives the
sinner over to His sin. The sinner is in
bondage, the bondage of sin. Even his will is
in bondage. He will never, as long as he is
in the bondage of sin, admit that. He boasts
that he can stop sinning any time he wishes. But
the sad fact is that he never reaches the point where he wishes. He can only will to sin, and he becomes more
involved both with body and soul in the bondage of his sin.
That accounts for the fact that the devil, who knows that he is fighting a losing
battle, never gives up. And the sinner, who
knows disaster awaits him at the end, still tries to tell himself that all is well.
Sin is rebellion against the Most High majesty of God. It is transgression of His holy law. Under the righteous judgment of God, the soul that
sins must die. Look at what happened in
paradise! Witness what happened to Sodom and
Gomorrah! To Lot’s wife! Sin may very well result in the destruction of the
body, so that death results. A drunkard may
burn up his body with his drinking. A
fornicator may bring on an incurable disease. Besides,
we do not live on an island. Others are
involved in our lives — our families, our friends and acquaintances, our church. We are an influence upon them for good or for
evil.
Sin involves particularly our families. A
parent may depart from the truth and bring his family with him on the road of heresy. He may be a church delinquent, who attends church
only once on a Sunday or finds a ready excuse not to attend. His children often break away from the church
completely. Our example of a sinful walk
places its stamp upon the children. “As
father, so son.” Besides, families are
brought into poverty, into trouble and shame, even to the point where the family is torn
apart.
But the certain outcome is that the soul ends in everlasting destruction in hell. Sin breeds sin unto eternal death in torment,
where the worm never dies and the fire of God’s just wrath never ceases to burn. There we suffer for our own sins, but also for the
influence we have had upon others. There was
good reason why the rich man in the parable wanted Lazarus to warn his brothers. He was not eager to meet them there in hell fire.
That death is eternal. Can you
conceive of endless suffering in soul and body, endless torment, utter despair? There is no end, no escape, no hope for the
future. In hell is only endless remorse. In the parable, the rich man in hell is not
allowed so much as a drop of water to cool the extremity of his tongue for a single
second.
There
is no escape from sin as far as man is concerned. No
psychologist, no evangelist, no matter how powerful or influential he may seem to be, can
deliver one soul from that bondage. No
resolution to change, no matter how often made, can bring deliverance and peace to the
soul.
There is but one way out: the grace of
God in Christ Jesus. The debt of sin must be
paid, and that debt is so great that only the atoning blood of Christ can cover it. The power of sin is so great that only Almighty
God in Christ Jesus can make you and me new creatures who are made aware of the dominion
of sin over us. We must realize that we are
hopelessly lost in sin and death. With David
we must confess, “the sorrows of death compassed me, and the pains of hell gat hold
upon me: I found trouble and sorrow.” We must admit our complete unworthiness and
helplessness. As the apostle Paul confessed: “The good that I would I do not, but the evil
that I would not, that I do. … O wretched man that I am! Who shall deliver me from the body of this death? I thank God through Jesus Christ our Lord.”
Prof. David Engelsma
PRC Synod, 2003
Two of the weightier actions of the upcoming synod of the Protestant Reformed
Churches convening on June 10 at the Hudsonville, MI Protestant Reformed Church will
involve the denomination’s theological seminary.
Synod must appoint a successor to the longtime professor of practical theology and
New Testament studies, Prof. Robert D. Decker. Prof.
Decker has served at the seminary since 1973. In
consultation with the faculty, the Theological School Committee presents a nomination of
Rev. Ronald L. Cammenga, Rev. Barrett L. Gritters, and Rev. Steven R. Key.
Synod will also hear the examination of graduating seminarian William Langerak. Subject to synod’s approval of his
examination, Mr. Langerak will be eligible for a call to one of the vacant churches this
summer. At present, there are three
vacancies. Acceptance of the appointment to
the seminary will add a fourth. In addition,
the Hull, IA church is calling a second missionary to Ghana.
There is another graduate, Paul Goh. Mr.
Goh will return to Singapore, to work in the Evangelical Reformed Churches of Singapore. These churches will conduct their own, final
examination of Mr. Goh.
The Theological School Committee proposes to synod that the graduation exercises
for Mr. Goh and Mr. Langerak be held on Monday, June 16, at 7:30 p.m. at the Hudsonville Protestant Reformed
Church.
Only one new student will begin training in the seminary this fall. He will join the four full-time students presently
enrolled. Two of the four will be third-year
students next school year, and two will be second-year students. There will be no graduate in 2004.
The Theological School Committee recommends that synod grant permanent tenure to
Prof. Russell Dykstra, who has completed his seventh year at the seminary.
The Domestic Mission Committee informs synod that Rev. Angus Stewart, presently
working in Northern Ireland under the auspices of the Hudsonville Protestant Reformed
Church and the Domestic Mission Committee, has been received as a Protestant Reformed
minister by decision of Classis East. The
synodical deputies of Classis West concurred. The
Domestic Mission Committee and Hudson-ville recommend that synod “decide to continue
the work with the Covenant Protestant Reformed Fellowship, with Ballymena as the base of
our mission labors in the British Isles.” The
Fellowship consists of six families and five individuals.
Hudsonville is to be the calling church. Hudsonville
informs synod that if synod adopts these recommendations concerning the work in Northern
Ireland, Hudsonville will call Rev. Stewart to be missionary to the British Isles.
Synod is informed that the home mission work in Spokane, WA with the Sovereign
Grace Reformed Church has abruptly ended. The
Domestic Mission Committee asks synod’s approval of renewing the work in Spokane with
four families and three individuals who remain.
Synod will consider the report on the home mission work in Pittsburgh with four or
five families committed to forming a Protestant Reformed congregation.
The Foreign Mission Committee reports on the fields in Ghana and in the
Philippines. The attached report on Ghana by
the council of the Hull, IA Protestant Reformed Church calls synod’s attention to a
serious weakness of our work in Ghana: the
inability of the missionary to speak the language of the people.
In connection with benevolence, the language barrier our missionary faces is quite hindering to the work there. To alleviate this the council, along with the FMC has approved the hiring of [S.A.] to help with the interpretation. This has helped our missionary tremendously when working with the saints there. The past delegation saw this firsthand and recommended that the next missionary to be called to Ghana should take some TWI language classes before going to the field.
The Committee for Contact with Other Churches informs synod that the Evangelical
Reformed Churches of Singapore are as yet unable to adopt a position on marriage and
divorce. They hope to do so in 2004. The Contact Committee of the Protestant Reformed
Churches makes the following recommendation to synod:
That with respect to the marriage and divorce issue synod convey to the ERCS the urgency of resolving this issue at their classis meeting in February 2004 and plead that they maintain what we believe to be the biblical position as upheld by their sister church, the Protestant Reformed Churches.
The Evangelical Reformed Churches of Singapore intend to send a delegate to synod
to attend the graduation of Mr. Paul Goh.
The Hope, Walker, MI Protestant Reformed Church, calling church for
missionary-on-loan Rev. Arie denHartog, informs synod that, in addition to his other
duties, Rev. denHartog gave twenty-six lectures in Myanmar on “All of Grace” and
“The Reformed Pastor.” He also
preached Sundays in a number of churches in Yangoon.
This is work done under the direction of the Mission Committee of the Evangelical
Reformed Churches of Singapore.
The Contact Committee informs synod that it carried out the mandate given it by the
synod of 2002, that it give “a clear call to repentance to the Christian Reformed
Church for its departure from the truth of the Scriptures and the Reformed
confessions.” This call to repentance
was given at a meeting with the Inter-Church Relations Committee of the Christian Reformed
Church. The Inter-Church Relations Committee
of the Christian Reformed Church responded that it was unconvinced of the need for
repentance on the part of the Christian Reformed Church in the matters specified by the
Protestant Reformed Churches.
Thus evidently ends the brief, strange contact of the Christian Reformed Church and
the Protestant Reformed Churches nearly eighty years after the Christian Reformed Church
adopted the Arminian doctrine of common grace, made it binding upon its officebearers and
people, and deposed ministers and entire consistories for opposing the false doctrine. This contact was occasioned, it will be
remembered, by an overture from a Christian Reformed theologian to Classis Grand Rapids
East of the Christian Reformed Church. The
overture called on the Christian Reformed Church to apologize to the Protestant Reformed
Churches for her unjust actions in expelling those who formed the Protestant Reformed
Churches from her fellowship.
This was the first official contact between the two denominations in almost eighty
years (the “Pantlind Conference” in 1939 was unofficial). No doubt, it will be the last. The Lord Jesus Christ judge between us.
The Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Australia sends a letter to the synod over
the signature of David Torlach, stated clerk of presbytery.
The letter thanks the Protestant Reformed Churches for sending delegates Prof.
Robert Decker and Rev. Ronald Cammenga to a conference in Australia in 2002.
Among other matters, synod must decide the viability of the Covenant Protestant
Reformed Church, Wyckoff, NJ. Synod 2002
instructed Classis East to inquire into the viability of this very small congregation. Classis East judges Covenant to be a viable
congregation. Classis East advises synod to
reevaluate Covenant’s situation in three years.
The Board of Trustees of the Protestant Reformed Churches recommends that synod
take certain actions, which the Board details, to build up the Emeritus Fund to three
million dollars over the next twenty years. At
present, the Fund, which provides support for retired ministers and their widows, holds
slightly more than one million dollars.
A member overtures synod to rescind Article 27 of the acts of Synod 2001, regarding
missionaries’ administration of the sacraments and pronouncement of the benediction.
The Yearbook Committee reports numerical growth of the denomination during the past
year in the amount of thirty-five families.
The pre-synodical worship service will be held on Monday evening, June 9, at the
Hudsonville Church at 7:30. Rev. James
Slopsema will preach the sermon.
May the King of the Church bless the synod of the Protestant Reformed Churches so
that they themselves persevere in the faith and so that they continue to give
uncompromising witness to the truth, as regards both doctrine and life, to others.
Feature Article:
Rev. Angus Stewart
Rev. Stewart is a minister in the Protestant
Reformed Churches, presently working in Northern Ireland.
The Real Saint Patrick (4)
Patrick’s Message (Part 2)
We saw last time (Standard
Bearer, May 1, 2003) that Patrick believed and preached the grace of the triune God in
Christ. Patrick’s understanding of grace
is demonstrated yet further in that he repeatedly refers to his call to preach the gospel
in Ireland as a “gift” of God to him (e.g., Conf 16, 33, 62). God, not Patrick himself, called him to his
mission (Conf 56), for he received his office from God’s hand (Letter 1). Patrick humbly confesses that he was not worthy of
the high calling of the bishopric (Conf 32). “I
truly am a debtor to God,” he affirms (Conf 38). With a sense of the greatness of God’s
blessings to him, he cries out, “Who am I, Lord?” (Conf 34; cf. 55-56;
II Sam. 7:18).
These are the words of a man who
believed and preached the gospel of grace.
Perhaps most striking is the fact that Patrick realizes that he was “called
and predestined to proclaim the Gospel” (Letter 6). He knows that he, and all true ministers of Jesus
Christ, were eternally appointed to their glorious task.
It is no wonder that God should deliver him from all his perils. After all, God is the one “who knows
everything even before it takes place” (Conf
35). When on one occasion during his
ministry in Ireland he was “put in irons,” it was not his Irish captors but the
Lord who struck his chains (Conf 52).
Patrick speaks of his desire to return to his “country and kinsfolk” in
Britain and to see the saints in Gaul, but knows that he dare not do so. He would be sinning against the Lord for he is
“bound in the Spirit” to his Irish calling (Conf 43). His life, he tells us, is one of service to
“Christ my God, on whose behalf I am fulfilling a mission” (Letter 5; cf.
Conf 56). John T. McNeill rightly
speaks of Patrick’s “intense consciousness of divine authorization.”[1]
His hard labors were the fruit of God’s grace also (Conf 51, 53), and
only in the Lord was he able to persevere (Conf 58).
Similarly the results of Patrick’s labors are in the Lord’s hands. Patrick knows that the Lord has His children whom
He gathers from the ends of the earth (Letter
9; Conf 39). In one passage
Patrick speaks of the believers in Ireland as “a people who had recently come to
belief whom the Lord chose from the ends of the earth” (Conf 38).
The natural understanding of this is that those whom God chooses before the
foundation of the earth come to faith at the appointed time.
For Patrick, nothing is merited; it is all gift and all grace. One who knows the “great grace” of God
in the forgiveness of his own sins (Conf 3) can preach salvation even to wicked
idolaters like the Irish. God saved him, a
rebellious child of the church, so why cannot He convert the pagans? Even Coroticus and his men, who, while professing
the faith of Jesus Christ, killed and kidnapped many of Patrick’s Irish converts, are
exhorted to repentance so that they may “be made whole here and in eternity” (Letter 21).
Patrick, however, is not soft on sin. Nor
is he a man to mince his words. He speaks of
the soldiers of Coroticus as “fellow citizens of the devils” living “in
death in an atmosphere of enmity” (Letter 2).
“They shall inherit Hell equally with [Satan] in eternal punishment, because,
of course, he who commits sin is a slave and is called a son of the devil” (Letter
4). Patrick urged that these recalcitrant
robbers be excommunicated and forbidden fellowship by all Christians (Letter 6-7).
It would be a theological anachronism to claim that Patrick set forth the doctrine
of justification by faith alone. Another millennium would pass before that dogma would be
clearly set forth over against the full-blown heresy of justification by faith and works
that was the death knell of the Roman Church. Hanson
is correct, however, that Patrick had a “good practical grasp of what
justification by faith means.”[2]
Patrick’s own conversion experience points us in the direction of his
“good practical grasp” of justification, as does the comfort that he
received in believing the promises of God:
I daily expect either assassination or trickery or reduction to slavery or some accident or other, but I fear none of these things on account of the promises of heaven because I have thrown myself into the hands of Almighty God who reigns everywhere as the prophet says, Cast your care upon the Lord and he will nourish you (Conf 55).
Patrick speaks often and boldly of
his steadfast trust in God:
I believe most confidently that [should my body be torn limb from limb or devoured by birds] I have gained my soul along with my body, because, without a shadow of doubt, on that Day we shall arise in the radiance of the sun, that is, in the glory of Christ Jesus our Redeemer, as children of the living God and coheirs with Christ and destined to be conformed to his image, because we shall reign from him and through him and in him (Conf 59).
Patrick had an eschatology of hope. He
had no doubt about his eternal destiny. He
would partake in the resurrection of the just and live and reign with Christ forever. Patrick had the certainty of eternal life because
the Lord Jesus “died and was crucified” for the “slaves of God and the
baptized maidservants of Christ” (Letter 7).
Patrick “awaited” the final fulfillment of God’s promise of the
salvation of the nations when forever believers “will sit down with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob” (Conf 39;
Matt. 8:11).
This
steadfast and fearless gaze into eternity distinguishes Patrick from much of the medieval
church, for wherever the doctrine of justification by faith and works enters, confidence
in one’s eternal salvation vanishes. After
all, how can one ever be sure of acquittal at Christ’s judgment bar if even the
smallest part of our salvation depends on us?
Interestingly, the Irish believers slain by Coroticus’ men (Letter 2-3,
15) are described by Patrick as being in “Paradise” (Letter 17) and in
“the kingdom of heaven” (Letter 18).
On the other hand, the wicked have “their part in the lake of everlasting
fire” (Letter 18). Patrick’s
writings leave no place for purgatory, and James Bulloch points out that “No
reference to purgatory is found in … any … Irish writing prior to the tenth
century.”[3]
Underlying all of Patrick’s faith and hope is his unshakable trust in the Word
of God. He can go as a missionary to a
hostile land because he is armed with the Word. He
can face fierce opposition “on account of the promises of heaven” (Conf
55). He can rebuke the powerful Coroticus and
his bloodthirsty soldiers because he knows that the message he brings is not his but the
Lord’s. As he says near the end of his Letter,
That which I have set out in Latin is not my words but the words of God and of apostles and prophets, who of course have never lied. He who believes shall be saved, but he who does not believe shall be damned. God has spoken (Letter 20).
That last sentence, “God has
spoken,” has a deathly ring of finality about it.
Here is Patrick’s authority: the Triune God speaking in Holy Scripture.
According to Edward T. Stimson’s analysis,
[Patrick] quotes the Bible 54 times in his Letter to Coroticus and 135 times in the Confession, often unconsciously, quoting from 23 out of the 27 books of the New Testament, 12 books of the Old Testament, and 3 of the Apocrypha. He quoted most from the Psalms, Romans, Acts, Corinthians and Matthew, in that order.[4]
Sometimes Patrick quotes Bible text after Bible text as if he would bury his
readers in Scripture (e.g., Conf 38, 40; Letter 2, 18). At other times his use of the Bible is less overt
and more subconscious. Christine Mohrmann
puts it well:
In every sentence, in every thought which he formulates, there are traces of Biblical language. And not only his language but also his way of thinking is determined by the Bible. But there is also in his writings a constant flow of Biblical words and phrases, which seem to belong to his normal vocabulary.
She speaks of “a sort of
omnipresence of Holy Scripture” in Patrick’s writings, for Patrick was a man
saturated with the Bible.[5]
His sober exegesis also deserves recognition.
Hanson states that Patrick’s “biblical interpretation is remarkably sound
and sensible,” and notes that after reading the “far-fetched allegorizing”
of many of the church fathers, both of the East and of the West, “one turns with
relief to the straightforward and simple use which Patrick makes of the Bible.”[6]
Patrick was a man of one book, and the Bible that he read and from which he quoted
was the Old Latin translation, not the later Vulgate of Jerome. We find no quotations or references to the church
fathers in Patrick. This is probably due, at
least in part, to the fact that he had received only a limited education as a boy. His studies were incomplete when he was kidnapped
by marauding Irishmen, and he was never able to make up for this.
Thus when he writes, in the first line of his Confession, “I am
Patrick, a sinner, most uncultivated and least of all the faithful and despised in the
eyes of many” (Conf 1), he is not feigning humility, as some contemporary
scholars would have it. What he said was
true. His learning was meager, his Latin
grammar was very poor, and he knew it. Often
in his Confession he bemoans his “lack of education” (Conf 46; cf.
2, 9-12, 49, 62), and the same note is found in his Letter (e.g., Letter 1,
20).
Though scholars struggle in places to decipher Patrick’s Latin, Patrick’s
lack of learning enhances the value of his work in one important respect. His lack of knowledge of rhetoric renders him
incapable of writing for effect. Thus we
gain a clearer and surer light into the inner thoughts of this man of God.
We should note, however, that although Patrick does not cite the church fathers, he
does quote the Apocrypha. Hanson identifies
eleven quotations from Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Tobit, Song of the Three Holy Children, and
I Maccabees.[7] Nor does Patrick merely quote them as books “which
the church may read and take instruction from,” as our Belgic Confession puts
it (chapter VI). In Confession 11, he
quotes from Ecclesiasticus 7 with the words “in another place the Spirit
testifies.” In this, however, Patrick
was no further astray than the church of his day. Only
with the struggle regarding Scripture versus church tradition at the time of the
Reformation did the church make a final, clear proclamation on the canon and sufficiency
of Scripture.
Perhaps more objectionable are his seven or eight references to his dreams. Two of these dreams occurred at significant
junctures in Patrick’s life: the message he received as a slave to depart from
Ireland by ship (Conf 17) and his call as a missionary to Ireland by Victoricus (Conf
23), both mentioned earlier. The former,
no doubt, merely presents to his mind the desire of his heart to escape from the land of
his captivity. The latter is best explained,
not as a supernatural revelation, but merely as the product of his burden to reach the
Irish with the gospel of Christ. This was on
his mind and he ended up dreaming about it one night.
The other dreams are more trivial and can be understood along the same lines.
Most striking is the fact that Patrick introduces two of his dreams with the words “I saw in a vision of the night,” evidently taken from
Daniel 7:13
(Conf
23, 29). From this it would appear that
Patrick, in his devout faith in the Scriptures, did not understand that revelatory dreams
from God terminated with the apostolic witness in the first century. In this error, as in his view of the Apocrypha,
Patrick was merely a man of his times.
2. R.P.C. Hanson, The Life
and Writings of the Historical Saint Patrick (New York:
The Seabury Press), 1983, p. 39; italics mine.
3. James Bulloch, The Life
of the Celtic Church (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew Press), 1963, p. 126.
4. Edward T. Stimson, Renewal
in Christ As the Celtic Church Led “The Way” (New York: Vantage Press),
1979, p. 159.
5. Christine Mohrmann, The
Latin of Saint Patrick (Dublin: Dublin
University Press), 1961, p. 43.
All Around Us:
Rev. Kenneth Koole
Rev. Koole is pastor of Grandville Protestant
Reformed Church in Grandville, Michigan.
Christians in India Alarmed by Passage of Religious Conversion Law
The war against Iraq has not
been the only war being carried out this spring, nor is it the most important. The war against the Christian faith carried out by
the Evil One has also been proceeding according to plan.
Case in point: a number of the most
heavily populated states in India have passed laws that will sharply curtail preaching the
gospel in India, the gospel that calls for conversion from idolatry to worshiping the one
true God and Christ whom He has sent. The
whole of India may well follow suit.
Correspondent T. C. Malhotra (of CNS News) filed the following report entitled
“Indian Christians Alarmed by Passage of Religious Conversion Law.” As you read a description of the newly approved
law, notice how devious the law is, how deceitfully the mind under Satan’s influence
presents things. The advocates assure all
that these laws are in the interests of freedom and the protection of the
individual’s rights. In reality, as
becomes obvious, they are aimed point blank at Christianity and the spread of the gospel. After all, the Christian faith is the only
religion Satan fears, and its gospel is the only weapon that is able to
expose him and cast him down.
From New Delhi came the following report late in March.
The parliament of India’s Gujarat state on Wednesday (in mid-March — KK) passed a controversial bill purportedly to protect religious freedom but that requires anyone wanting to convert from one faith to another to get prior permission from a district magistrate.
The Freedom of Religion Bill aims to prevent religious conversion by force or bribery, and it provides for three-year prison terms and fines of $1,000 for law-breakers.
Even for those who convert without threats or inducement, failure to get approval beforehand can result in imprisonment for a year and a small fine.
State officials insist that the law is not aimed at any particular religion, but leaders of the Christian minority are bitterly opposed to it, saying it will restrict Indians’ freedom to follow their faith of choice.
The ruling party, in the state — which also heads the federal government — the Hindu nationalist BJP, introduced the law. It had promised during a recent state election to bring the law into effect….
Militant Hindu groups, some of them allied with the BJP, are strongly opposed to Christian missionary activities in India, accusing them of bribing poor Hindus to become Christians by offering them food, education or other incentives.
The general-secretary of the BJP in Gujarat, Jayanti Barot, predicted similar laws would be passed across India. Already, three other states — Orissa in the east, Madhya Pradieah in the center of the country and Tamil Nadu in the south — have passed similar bills.
“Everybody in India understands that one should live and die in the religion one is born into. Nobody should have the right to disturb this tradition,” he said.
That view, while held among adherents of some religions, runs contrary to the strong drive within Christianity to “preach the Gospel to all nations,” in the words of Jesus Christ….
(Against this aggression you will
find few nations raising any protests about violations of human freedom or condemning such
invasion of personal liberties and rights. Where
is the French prime minister when you need him, where he could actually do some good?)
The passage of the law comes hard on the heels of a related controversy in Gujarat. Christian leaders recently complained that state police were conducting an illegal survey of their community, asking questions such as when and how people converted to the faith. They accused the state authorities of collecting these statistics in order to justify passing the conversion law, a charge the government denied.
…Christians make up just 2.5 percent of India’s more than one billion, mostly Hindu, population.
David Samuel, a Gujarati Christian now living in New Delhi, said the state government should instead focus on far more pressing issues there, such as unemployment, illiteracy and access to clean water.
“Religion is something very personal between an individual and his Maker,” said Jacob Thomas, who works for a non-governmental organization in Gujarat. “In a democratic and secular country, if one finds peace in professing a particular faith, why should the government or others concerned feel threatened?”
John Matthew, a friend of Thomas, pointed out that the size of the Christian minority — 2.5 percent of the total population — had not changed since India became independent more than half a century ago. This belied the claims of “all these so-called forced conversions.”
Matthew said he could not understand “why the majority community is so scared of the minorities.”
Late last year, the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom urged the State Department to add India — along with five other countries — to the list of “countries of particular concern” because of religious freedom problems involving Hindus, Muslims and Christians….
However, when the State Department issued its current list of “countries of particular concern” in early March, India was not named. Countries that are on the list are Burma, China, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, and Sudan.
A couple of comments are in order.
First, isn’t it striking how the same old canard that Christianity has endured
century after century is cast at the Christian faith once again, namely, Christianity is a
threat to the State’s peace and good order? How
many times in the book of Acts was not Paul charged with being a disturber of the peace! He, of course, never lifted a hand against one
soul. It was his enemies who resorted to
physical violence and rioting in the streets. So
it has been through the centuries. Makes no
difference. The Christians with their
missionary enterprises are the trouble makers. Why? Because the unbelievers hate them so much that
somehow they feel forced to assault them with violence.
So, it is all the Christians’ fault. This
has been Satan’s reoccurring tactic and charge.
And once again it surfaces in India.
Second, such law obviously gives the civil magistrate wide latitude to forbid any
and all to convert from the Hindu religion, claiming that, whether the converts realize it
or not, they have been brainwashed.
And third, obviously such a law is not only going to make the work of missions in
India increasingly difficult, but believers themselves are going to come under renewed
assault as being “disturbers of the peace.”
The church and those who bear witness in India continue to need our prayers. But even more, it strikes me there comes a time
when we as Protestant Reformed believers must do more than just pray. We must act.
Is it not time that we become more active in writing our congressmen, confronting
them, reminding them of such matters, and urging them to address this growing
anti-Christian evil in India and in other foreign lands as well?
More Worrisome
News in SE Asia
Adding to the above
anti-Christian legislation (in India), and more worrisome to true health, namely, the
spiritual, than any SARS scare, is legislation in Malaysia that has banned Bibles
translated into the language of various ethnic groups, as well as forbidding the
translated versions of various popular and instructive Christian books.
In an article entitled “Bible Ban Shock in SE Asian Democracy,”
Patrick Goodenough, of the Pacific Rim news service, reported the following (just prior to
Easter).
As Christians around the world prepare to mark their most important holiday, hundreds of thousands of believers in southeast Asia face the prospect of celebrating Easter without free access to the Bible.
In a decision indigenous Christians in eastern Malaysia have found incomprehensible, their government in Kuala Lumpur, which considers itself one of Asia’s more successful democracies, has banned the Bible in their native tongue.
The Iban, the largest of 27 indigenous ethnic groups in Sarawak province on Borneo Island, have since 1988 had access to the entire Bible in their own language, published by the Bible Society of Malaysia. But now the mainly Muslim government’s Home Ministry has named the Iban-language Bible as one of 35 publications it is banning because they are considered “detrimental to public peace.”
Among the other books listed are Christian books in Bahasa Malaysian and Bahasa Indonesian, the national languages of those two countries. They include translations of books in English by well-known Western evangelical authors J. I. Packer and John Stott. Others are books on Islamic subjects.
The books are listed in a ministry statement that cited various publication laws and said the “printing, import, production, reproduction, sale, circulation, distribution and possession (sic! — KK) of books listed under the schedule are banned in the country.” Anyone found guilty of breaching the ban faces up to three years in jail, fines of up to $5,200, or both.
About 9 percent of Malaysia’s 23 million people are Christians, and most live in the east of the country. Iban is spoken by more than 400,000 people, members of a Borneo tribe that was once feared for its head-hunting. Many have converted to Christianity....
Islam is Malaysia’s official religion, although the federal constitution guarantees the right of all citizens to profess, practice and propagate their religion. That freedom is subject to another clause saying that laws “may control or restrict the propagation of any religious doctrine or belief among persons professing the religion of Islam.” Critics say this provision provides the authorities with a loophole, for example by identifying publications they claim can cause confusion among Muslims….
A local paper quoted a senior official in the ministry’s “publications control” division, Elias Mat Rabi, as saying the banned books breach guidelines for religious books. They used several terms that were also used in Islam, which could confuse people, he said. Some Muslim leaders thought this could perplex Muslims who picked up such books.
Among the words that cause concern is “Allah.” It is the word Muslims use for the deity they worship. But the Arabic word predated Islam and is also used by Christian Arabs when referring to God, despite the considerable differences in the Judeo-Christian and Islamic conceptions of God.
…[the Rev. Wong Kim] Kong (of the Malaysia Christian fellowship) said it was wrong for a specific religion to claim monopoly over certain words. “Terminology or language doesn’t belong to any particular religion, it is universal property…. In a multi-religious society such as ours, it is important for the government to go through a process of what we call ‘natural justice’ — it should consult or discuss with the organizations concerned before making a decision affecting them.”...
A representative of the Bible Society of Malaysia, Dr. Victor Wong, said … the publishers were flabbergasted at why the government had chosen to ban the Iban translation 15 years after the first edition came out. The Iban version was now it its eighth edition, and runs of around 5,000 were printed every five years, he said….
…lawmaker Teresa Kok called the ban arbitrary and unjustifiable, and asked the government to “explain why it considers the books to be detrimental to public health.”
In many ways the above article is self-explanatory.
Law in yet another southeastern Asian country intends to make outlaws of those who
subscribe to the Christian faith and to prevent the spread of the gospel. Ungodly men do not want the Word of God in the
language of the people. They never have. Think back to Rome and the Reformation. The Word of God has too much power in exposing
evil. What is worthy of note is how this
anti-Christian spirit, which has always been in these nations, is gaining in boldness and
becoming more and more aggressive. And in
this instance, a country that has a reputation for being democratic and committed to
protecting liberties, Malaysia. The
anti-Christian spirit infects more and more, and continues to spread.
What is also of interest is how men justify this action against Christianity,
namely, Christianity is detrimental to the spiritual health of the nation; Christianity is an infectious disease;
Christianity disturbs national unity and peace. “If
only these Christians were out of our country, especially missionaries with their
literature and promotion of things that stir up our people, things would settle down. The international world would no longer have to
worry about unrest and violence and agitation in our state.”
One wonders. How easy it would be for
some President, a great “Peace Maker,” to call all missionaries home (on pains
of revoking citizenship and repercussions for their denomination), and to forbid all
others to go out, all in the name of peace. “Practice
your religion here or not at all.” Now a
Western leader of that caliber and mentality even the nations of the Muslim east might
approve for a time. It would be something
like Hitler’s “Jewish solution,” only now it is the “Christian
solution.” Those days seem close at
hand.
But what a small price to pay for world peace!
And surely, if even Christians are convinced that the Christian faith is not the
one and only way of salvation and truth, as the apostate church is today, why should they
care!
It is as if Satan has been loosed and the Great Deception is in progress. It is the Christians who are the carriers of the
loathsome disease from the West. Quarantine
them, and everyone will be better off for it.
Go Ye Into All the World:
Rev. Jason Kortering
Rev. Kortering is a minister emeritus in the
Protestant Reformed Churches.
Mission Preaching in the Established Church (3)
The Character of the Message
Obviously, when we speak of
“mission preaching” in the established church, we are focusing on the fact that
the true gospel includes a call to conversion. This
call is the object of our attention in these articles; we simply designate this as
“mission preaching.” We are not
saying that the gospel must be divided up into different kinds; we are simply establishing
that the gospel preached in the local church includes such a call to repent and believe in
the Lord Jesus. When this is done regularly,
as it ought, then any non-Christian, unconverted person whom God may place under such
preaching and wills to save will hear what is necessary to respond properly and be saved. At the same time, if such a one refuses to respond
properly, the same preaching must declare to him that he stands outside the kingdom of
God.
In our former articles, we developed the reason why this is necessary to do in the
established congregation. We can summarize
it this way. Even though God gathers His
church in the line of continued generations, we cannot assume that all the members of the
congregation who come under the preaching of the gospel are right with God. There are those who are not the true Israel of God
and who reject the message of the covenant. The
preaching has to say something to such people. At
the same time, there may be members of the congregation who are not walking in true faith
and repentance before God and are walking in unrepentant sins, who need to be converted. The preaching has to say something to such
members. Also, every member has to contend
with his own sinful flesh and must be instructed and exhorted to turn from evil and
embrace the Lord Jesus on a daily basis. The
preaching has to address such needs in the congregation.
In addition to all of this, it ought to be the expectancy of every pastor and
congregation who take seriously their calling to reach out to others outside the
congregation, that non-Christians from time to time are sitting in the pews as the
congregation worships, and something has to be said to them.
The point that we have been making is that mission preaching meets the needs of all
such people, whether members of the congregation or guests who join them for worship. If the pastor truly has this perspective in mind
when he prepares and delivers his messages, God will work through such a call of the
gospel to accomplish His purpose unto the gathering of the church.
Scripture makes abundantly clear that the message of the gospel is more than
instruction. There is no doubt that a major
part of preaching is conveying knowledge. We
do this by expository preaching, by opening up the Word of God and explaining it to the
congregation. We must carefully define the
terms or words used in the passage. This must
be done in light of its usage in the immediate context and as it is used in the entire
Word of God. Truth is conveyed through gospel
preaching, and it forms the foundation of every message.
As the inspired writers of the Bible do so often, it must be taught in the context
of error and controversy. This sharpens the
thinking of God’s people. The preacher
is called by God to set forth such truth in as clear and faithful a manner as he is able
to do.
There is more to preaching than teaching. The
task of the preacher is to take the truth of the Word of God and call the congregation to
do something with it. Even the didactic
element of gospel preaching calls for the response of faith. Truth is to be believed. The preaching must lead the listener to the
conviction of faith. It must be embraced
personally by the hearer and appropriated by faith.
The preaching of the gospel requires more action than belief. It also requires obedience. James makes this point in chapter 1:22: “But be ye doers of the word and not hearers
only, deceiving your own selves.” We
must hear the word to be sure, but we must respond by believing and obeying it. The preacher must be sure that he emphasizes this
in his preaching. Obviously, passages of the
Bible differ as to how this is worked out, but the goal of all preaching is action, and
the preacher must include that in his message and application of the text. If the burden of the text is a call to repent from
sin and seek forgiveness at the foot of the cross, the preacher must preach it in such a
way that the congregation is confronted by a serious call of God to respond and obey. The same is true for specific instruction in
working out our salvation as children of God. The
saved ones are called to live a life of thankfulness and obedience. The preaching must come across as such a call to
holy living.
To sum this up, when the preacher preaches the whole counsel of God
(Acts 20:27),
Christ uses him to meet the spiritual needs of everyone sitting in his audience. Every time I mount the pulpit and look over the
congregation, the burden of the pulpit hits my soul.
Look over there, that aged saint, who probably put forth more effort to come to
church than others did, turns his partially deaf ear towards the pulpit to grasp something
of forgiveness for past sins, strength for today, and bright hope for tomorrow. Yes, there are the children who have come with
parents to hear what God has to say to them. They
are the babes who need to learn about the true God, Creator and Maker of heaven and earth. Their conscience has to be sensitized to know
right from wrong, and they must be exhorted to love the right and hate the wrong. They must be led by the preaching of the gospel to
the cross of Calvary and learn to kneel by faith and cry to God for mercy. Teenagers and youth must be taken by the
shepherd’s hand, guided through the pitfalls of temptation, exhorted, and warned
concerning the consequences of sin and the great liberty that we have in Jesus Christ. The unmarried as well as the married need to know
the sanctity of marriage and sexual purity in a permissive society, and the pastor must
serve as Christ’s mouthpiece to warn them of the consequences of sin and the urgency
to be pure for God’s sake. The parents
need help in the rearing of their children, and the preaching of the gospel must give them
that help. All need to be stirred in their
hearts that faith in God is of paramount importance to a meaningful life and that God is a
holy God who does not tolerate or condone sin.
The point is that if there is a person sitting in church who is not right with God
because he is walking in sin and making excuses for it, he will not feel comfortable while
sitting under the preaching of the gospel. So
also those who are not willing to embrace the true faith because they do not want to take
the responsibility that it requires will know that they are not right with God. The preaching will expose to themselves their
sinful response. Those who struggle with
doubts will be guided towards assurance for their faith.
Those who have committed sin and carry the burden of guilt will hear the word of
forgiveness. Those who are ignorant will be
instructed. Those who are hardened will be
condemned. Whether such persons are within
the congregation itself or come from without the congregation as guests, it makes no
difference, they need to hear and will hear the Word that God wants them to hear.
I need not belabor the point that the Word of God sets forth preaching in such a
manner. The very first narrative in the
Bible, the fall of man into sin, is given as more than a historical fact, which it is to
be sure. It is recorded to teach us the
source of our misery and the need we have for Jesus Christ.
The lives of the Old Testament saints are recorded for us not simply as moral
examples or role models. They are that to be
sure, but they are much more. They are the
testimony of the wonder of salvation through Jesus Christ.
Their lives are a testimony of human unworthiness overcome by the sovereignly free
grace of God. That promise of God was not for
all of them. God worked a mighty division
among them, so much that Paul correctly said, “They are not all Israel which are of Israel”
(Rom. 9:6).
The Word of God came
to them and made such a division among them. It
was true during Israel’s history, from their deliverance from Egypt, the wilderness
sojourn, the period of the judges, the history of the kingdoms of Judah and Israel, all
the way to the preaching of the prophets. In
summary form, it was, “Turn ye, turn ye, O house of Israel, why will ye die?” Those who turned received all the promises of the
covenant, and those who continued in their evil ways heard in the preaching of the gospel
the message of divine condemnation and judgment.
Jesus preached that way. He spoke the
sweet consolation of the familiar words, “Come unto me, all ye that labor and are
heavy laden, and I will give you rest.” He also gave the stirring rebuke, “Ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep.” We read in
Luke 13:2, 3
that when some told Jesus
that Pilate had mingled the blood of some of the Galileans with their sacrifices, Jesus
responded, “Suppose ye that these Galileans were sinners above all the Galileans,
because they suffered such things? I tell
you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.”
The apostles preached that way. From
the Acts of the Apostles and continuing throughout all the letters, the emphasis is the
same. To the repentant jailor in Philippi,
who cries in his distress, “What must I do to be saved?” the gospel call went
forth, “Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy
house.” To the ignorant, Priscilla and
Aquila expounded more perfectly the way of God. To
the hardened and those who rejected the gospel, Paul controverted with vigilance, exposed
their errors, and held them accountable for their false teaching. “For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor
unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom
of Christ and of God. Let no man deceive you
with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience”
(Eph. 5:6).
This explains why the preaching has a double edge to it, in order to accomplish
this twofold purpose. This is described in
II Corinthians 2:15ff.:
“For we are unto
God a sweet savour of Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish: to the one
we are the savour of death unto death, and to the other the savour of life unto life. And who is sufficient unto these things?” God’s very purpose in the preaching of the
gospel is not to save all men, but to confront all men with the good news of salvation and
to assure those who embrace it that they have the blessings of it, and those who despise
it, that they stand under the divine curse.
Our Reformed confessions summarize for us the teaching of the Bible concerning what
must be said in the preaching. The
Heidelberg Catechism, A. 84, describes the preaching of the gospel as the primary key of
the kingdom of heaven. How does the
preaching function as a key? In a twofold
way. It opens the door of heaven to all
believers. “…when according to the
command of Christ it is declared and publicly testified to all and every believer, that,
whenever they receive the promise of the gospel by a true faith, all their sins are really
forgiven them of God, for the sake of Christ’s merits.” The preacher in his preaching has to address
clearly the believers with the message of the gospel.
On the other hand, he must also address the unbelievers. By doing this, the preaching also shuts the door
of heaven. “…on the contrary, when
it is declared and testified to all unbelievers, and such as do not sincerely repent, that
they stand exposed to the wrath of God and eternal condemnation, so long as they are
unconverted; according to which testimony of the gospel God will judge them, both in this
and in the life to come.”
Herman Hoeksema explains these words in his commentary on the Heidelberg Catechism,
The Triple Knowledge.
To be sure, the particular gospel must be proclaimed to all that hear the gospel externally. This is true, partly because we do not know who the elect are, and therefore it is impossible to preach to them only. And secondly, it must be preached to all also, because it is the will of God that even the reprobate shall hear the gospel of salvation by way of faith and repentance, in order that sin may appear to be sin indeed, and that they may be without excuse. The gospel does not mention the elect and reprobate by their natural names. Therefore, its preaching must needs be general. Nevertheless, in this general preaching of the gospel the heirs of the promise must be called by their spiritual name, in order that they may know that the sure mercies of David are for them. Under and through the preaching of the gospel God gives them a new name, a spiritual name, by which they may know that He intends the promise for them. Objectively, they are the elect. But according to their spiritual name, wrought by the Holy Spirit of promise in their hearts, they are believers. And believers are those that sincerely repent of their sins. They are the weary and heavy laden, those that hunger and thirst after righteousness, the poor in spirit, they that mourn, the contrite and brokenhearted, they that have learned to place all their hope and expectation only in the blood of Jesus Christ their Lord, who loved them and died for them and was raised for their justification. They are those that principally are crucified unto the world and the world to them. They have an earnest desire to walk in all good works, and they manifest this in their lives. They fulfill their part of the covenant of God, and walk in new obedience, cleaving to the one God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, trusting in Him, and loving Him with all their hearts, with all their souls, with all their mind, and with all their strength; forsaking the world, crucifying their old nature, and walking in a new and holy life. To those the kingdom of heaven is opened by the preaching of the gospel. To them the promise of God is Yea and Amen. They shall never be ashamed. They shall be kept in the power of God unto salvation, ready to be revealed in the last time. But on the other hand, that same preaching of the gospel shuts the kingdom of heaven to all unbelievers. They too have a name of their own. They are not filled with sorrow after God, and never repent of their sin. They love the darkness rather than the light, and refuse to be converted to God. To those the preaching of the gospel proclaims that they stand exposed to the wrath of God and to eternal condemnation. They are outside the kingdom of God.
Such opening and closing of the door of heaven by the key of preaching takes place wherever the gospel is properly preached.