
Vol. 80; No. 1; October 1, 2003
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Table of Contents:
Meditation - Rev. Ronald VanOverloop
Editorials - Prof. David J. Engelsma
Letters
Marking the Bulwarks of Zion Prof. Herman C. Hanko
That They May Teach Them to Their Children Prof. Russell J. Dykstra
Ministering to the Saints Rev. Douglas J. Kuiper
All Around Us Rev. Gise J. Van Baren
Taking Heed to the Doctrine Rev. James Laning
Report of Classis West
Book Review
News of the Churches Mr. Benjamin Wigger
Rev. VanOverloop is pastor of Georgetown Protestant
Reformed Church in Hudsonville, Michigan.
I, therefore, the prisoner of the Lord,
beseech you that ye walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called, with all
lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love; endeavouring
to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.
Therefore.
Undeniable logic. Inevitable deduction. This word makes it obvious that there is a very
close relationship between the previous and what follows.
It is important to note this relationship here because with chapter four the
inspired apostle begins that portion of his epistle where he applies to the lives of the
Ephesians the doctrinal truths he taught in the first three chapters.
With the word
therefore, the inspired apostle is showing that there is a very close
relationship between doctrine and life, between the truths believed and the lives lived by
those who believe the truths. Our believing
the doctrinal truths presented in the first three chapters of this epistle requires
a certain walk in holiness. We are called
to live out the doctrines we believe.
We must be careful not to
separate doctrine and practice. The practical
implications of the doctrines must be taken to heart by the more intellectual believers;
and the doctrinal truths that are the basis for how one lives must not be minimized by the
more experiential believers.
There is in the first
verse another word that teaches us that there must be a close relationship between what
one believes and how one lives. It is the
word worthy. The walk of a
believer as presented in the previous chapters is to be worthy of those
truths. A worthy walk is one
that is becoming to, suitable to, or matches with the truth. The walk ought not clash with the truth believed. We are called to take care that our life be
consistent with the teachings and the calling. One
of the purposes of the believers life is that it is to make the doctrine attractive,
to cause people to admire it and to desire it. We
are to live the kind of life that adorns the doctrines of Scripture. That is the way our Father who is in heaven will
be glorified (Matt.
5:16).
The relationship between
what we believe and how we live should be very close.
Not always, however, is it so. The
flesh of every believer lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the
flesh: and these are contrary the one to the
other: so that ye cannot do the things that
ye would (Gal. 5:17). The believer is not always consistent. He believes these wonderful truths, but he does
not always evidence them by the way in which he lives.
This inconsistency (sin) is a constant source of humility!
The knowledge of this
inconsistency is what occasions the inspired apostle Paul to beseech
Christians. He is urgently asking, imploring,
the Ephesian Christians of his day as well as all believers today. A consistent walk is a matter of great concern to
the apostle. Later he will command them and argue with them, but here he beseeches them
and us.
To strengthen his appeal,
the apostle makes it clear that he is writing to them as someone who experientially knows
of what he speaks. He appeals to them as
the prisoner of the Lord. It is
believed that at the time of this writing Paul was in prison. He was living the life of a prisoner because he
was a slave of Jesus Christ, loyal to Him and striving always to be obedient to Him. As a consequence of his faithful walk, he was
imprisoned. So when Paul beseeches the
Ephesian believers, he was at that moment experiencing the consequences of a walk worthy
of his calling. As a prisoner of the Lord, Paul beseeches the believers to live as he is
living a life that is consistent with what they believe (even if it means
imprisonment). They are not their own; they
belong to their Lord. They ought therefore to
live out of the desire only to please Him a life that is worthy of their
relationship to Him.
Those who are able to believe the truth have been called. This ability is theirs because they have a
vocation. We have been
called out of darkness into his marvellous light that we should shew
forth the praises of him who hath called us (I Pet. 2:9).
Those whom God predestinated unto the
adoption of children (Eph. 1:5),
them He also called (Rom. 8:30). Christianity is not something that a man decides
to take up and do. It is something into which we have been called. We received not only the external gospel call
heard in the preaching, but also the internal, effectual call made by the Spirit with our
spirit. This call separated the Ephesian
Christians from all other Gentiles (4:17), and this call separates us from all
who do not believe. This call moves us into a
new position, the position of being saved, for whom he called, them he also
justified.
What is the walk that is
worthy of the calling to which every believer is called?
In general, it is the walk of godliness it is constantly renewing the spirit
of our mind so that we put off the old man and put on the new man (4:22-24). Over the course of the next three chapters Paul
will apply the doctrines to the whole life of believers.
However, there is one specific area of the worthy walk of the believer that the
inspired apostle presents first, namely, preserving the unity of the church. This is of greatest importance. The truths the Spirit used him to explain and
acclaim in the first three chapters are pressing on him this specific aspect of the
believers walk, namely, a walk that preserves the unity of the Spirit in the bond of
peace. For the next sixteen verses Paul will
direct himself to this one aspect of the worthy life.
And after that he does not leave it and go on to something else. Rather, he uses the need to keep the unity of the
church as the basis for several other admonitions in the rest of this epistle.
The Ephesian believers
(and all believers with them) have been called out of spiritual darkness in order to live
in a manner that illustrates that they were blessed with all spiritual blessings in
heavenly places in Christ (1:3). A worthy
walk is necessary because God chose them in Christ before the foundation of the world,
that they should be holy and without blame before Him (1:4). Their walk should manifest the fact that they have
been predestinated unto the adoption of children and are now of the household of God (1:5;
2:19). Further, the truth that God is
gathering together in one all things in Christ is to be evident in the walk of those who
believe this truth a walk that is consistent with this truth. The converted Gentiles in Ephesus have heard the
preaching of peace (2:17), and the wall between them and the converted Jews has been
broken down and they are now one in Christ, who is their peace (2:14, 15). They are one body and one building (2:16, 21, 22).
Is it any wonder that the
chief characteristic of a walk worthy of our calling is the keeping of the unity of the
Spirit in the bond of peace? Election unites
all saints in Christ. The one blood of Christ
makes each elect to be a part of Gods one family.
Over against the disruptive, dividing power of sin, it is Gods purpose to
unite all things in Christ, and this is manifested already in the unity salvation makes of
the saved Gentiles with the saved Jews. This
is why, when it comes to the particulars of the Christian life, the first thing mentioned
is the preservation of this unity. The
preservation of the churchs unity powerfully reveals to the world that there is one
body and one Spirit, one hope and one faith, one Lord, and one God and Father. It is,
above all else, the preserving of this unity that gives God glory.
To speak of the unity of
the church as the unity of the Spirit instructs us concerning the character or
nature of this unity. It clearly implies that
while this unity may express itself visibly and externally, it is first spiritual and
internal. The Spirit works this unity in the
spirits of those chosen by God in Christ, testifying to their spirits that they are the
children of God children in the same family, all having the same Father.
Also, the unity of the
church is the unity of the Spirit because it is the Spirit who makes this unity. The church is not made one by the human spirit of
friendliness. The members of the body
dont produce this unity. The Holy
Spirit does! We cannot make this unity. That is why we are called to keep it, that is, not
to break the unity already made by the Spirit. This
unity is a living, organic unity, arising from within and working itself out. As the unity of the members of the human body is
not made by the members, so the members of Christs body do not make themselves to be
one in Him. The unity of the human body is
that there is one life flowing through them all. So
the members of Christs body have one life, the life of the Spirit, flowing through
each of them. Further, this unity is
experienced only by those in whom the Spirit dwells and enlightens. It was exactly when Peter saw the Spirit in
Cornelius that he was convinced of the unity (Acts 10:47).
Their nationality was quite different, but
that did not destroy their unity. It is the
presence of the Spirit in two people that enables them to have true fellowship.
The calling of every member of the body of Christ with respect to this unity is to
keep it. The word used by the
Spirit means to attend to carefully, to guard or preserve. While we are not to make the unity, we are called
to guard the unity that already exists by the work of the Spirit. We are to accept the responsibility of constantly
guarding this unity.
To what extent are we
called to keep it? We are to
endeavor. Today the word
endeavor means only that we are attempting to do something. However, the Greek word translated
endeavoring is more than attempting or trying.
It means to be diligent, and comes from a word that speaks of haste. Therefore, the effort called for by the inspired
apostle is great. We are to hurry to do
something. We are to show great concern. This is not something that we do infrequently, but
we are to have a great concern that this unity of the body of Christ is manifested. We are to preserve it at all costs. We are to be diligent to manifest it.
When the Holy Spirit calls
believers to endeavor to keep the unity of the church, He does so by having us focus, not
on the other members of the church, but on our attitudes toward others. Three things are to characterize the attitude of
one who is greatly concerned about guarding the churchs unity: longsuffering, forbearing, and love. Longsuffering means that we hold
ourselves in control for a long time. This is
over against giving way to our desires. As
God suffers long with us, so we must endure those in the body who irritate us. Forbearing means that we exercise
self-restraint and that we tolerantly bear with them. Instead of retaliating or
criticizing or demanding that they change, we are called to develop the attribute of
forbearance. We are not to dismiss them or be
contemptuous of them, but we are to bear with them because we are greatly concerned about
maintaining the unity of the Spirit. And
positively we are to forbear one another in love. Instead of just enduring our fellow-saints who
irritate us, we are called to love them because between us there is the bond of
perfectness (Col. 3:13,14).
We are to make the conscious decision to
enjoy the bond God has made between us, deciding to be interested in them and concerned
about them, praying for them.
The only way any Christian
can exercise himself in love, being longsuffering and forbearing, is by consciously
developing and maintaining an inner disposition of lowliness and meekness. Lowliness is humility of mind. It is in sharp contrast to pride and
self-assertion. Humility is described in
Scripture as one of the chief marks of the followers of Christ, who humbled Himself
supremely. Humility is having a clear and
correct understanding of our sins and sinfulness, so we recognize ourselves to be the chief
of sinners and less than the least of all saints (3:8).
Most often we cannot forbear and be longsuffering with fellow-members of the body
of Christ because we are looking down on them, seeing them as worse sinners than we are,
thinking that we would never do what they did. Humility
puts every other member of Christs body above us, as better than we are.
Meekness is
the virtue of inner mildness or gentleness. It
is the inner strength that accommodates anothers weakness. It is to be considerate of another. And it is the willingness to suffer wrong from
them. Instead of retaliating, the meek are
willing to commit the matter to God who will judge righteously (I Pet. 2:23).
It is our sinful conceits that often cause
division in the church. The flesh of every
Christian quickly takes pride in family, nationality, talents, status, job, and
accomplishments. It is this flesh that must
be crucified and put off. And what must be
put on is humility and meekness.
This beautiful inner
disposition of lowliness and meekness is something the Christian is called to exercise
all the time with all lowliness and meekness, the
text reads. In every situation and at all
times. This is to be the fundamental
disposition and character of every Christian. Then
we can be longsuffering and forbearing. And
this is the way we keep the unity of the church in the bond of peace.
The unity of the Spirit is
bound together in peace. To the degree that
we are peaceable and peacemakers, we will preserve the peace and unity of the church. This is the great end of all the doctrine taught
in the first three chapters of this letter to the Ephesians. If you have been called to believe those precious
doctrinal truths, then you are called to walk worthy of this calling. And the most important part of such a worthy walk
is to preserve the unity of the church.
Preserve this unity of the
Spirit! Make every effort to preserve it by
constantly working to develop the spiritual virtues of lowliness and meekness.
The
Testimony of Scripture
The testimony of Scripture is that
God has ordered, or structured, that basic sphere of human life known as labor in such a
way that the owner of the farm or business has authority from God to govern. He certainly has a calling from God toward the
workers, a calling to give the workers that which is just and equal, or
fair (Col. 4:1). But he has authority, Gods own authority,
and the duty of the worker is to submit and obey.
There are other reasons
why labor union membership is sinful, and these will be mentioned presently. But the central issue is this: in the realm of labor, the owner, or management,
has the right to rule, so that the Christian worker must submit.
Scripture addresses the
matter of the Christians behavior in the sphere, or ordinance, of labor. It addresses the matter repeatedly. Usually, it addresses this aspect of the
Christians earthly life in connection with the other spheres of life: marriage; family (parents and children); state, or
civil government; and church.
These passages, among
others, are the Word of God regulating the life of the Christian workingman in the sphere
of labor:
Ephesians
6:5-8: Servants, be obedient to
them that are your masters according to the flesh.
Colossians
3:22-25: Servants, obey in all
things your masters according to the flesh.
I
Timothy 6:1ff.: Let as many
servants as are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor.
Titus 2:9ff.:
Exhort servants to be obedient unto
their own masters.
Philemon: the run-away
slave, Onesimus, is sent back to his master, to serve him again.
I Peter
2:18ff.: Servants, be subject to
your masters with all fear; the apostle adds: not
only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.
James 5:1-11,
where the description of the godly conduct of the worker is, he doth not resist
you.
In view of the fact that
the Word of God orders our life in all other spheres, it would be exceedingly strange if
Scripture did not command us how to live in the sphere of labor. Indeed, it would be culpable failure on the part
of the Spirit of inspiration to leave us in the dark, how to live in this vitally
important sphere of earthly life. The Spirit
is guilty of no such failure. The passages
quoted above set forth the will of God for the Christian workingman clearly and fully.
Some attempt to evade the
will of God for the laborer, and thus evacuate Scripture of its instruction regarding the
sphere of labor, by arguing that the New Testament passages refer to the outdated system
of slave-master and slave. The argument
fails.
First, Scripture sometimes
refers to hired laborers, to workingmen who are not owned by the master, but rather
work for a wage. This is the case in I Peter
2:18ff., which speaks of servants, not slaves. This is also the case in James 5, which
speaks of the hire of the laborers (v. 4).
Second, although it is
true that slavery was the prevalent form labor took at that time, the principles laid down
by Scripture apply, not to that one specific form, but to all forms of labor in all ages.
Third, the fact that the
laborer was a slave does not detract from the calling of the free worker today, to
submit, but emphasizes this calling even more strongly. If slaves had to submit for Gods sake, how
much more, workingmen today, whose circumstances are in any case far better than those of
slaves.
Rebellion
The labor unions, and thus
all their members, are guilty of rebellion against lawful authority, just as is the case
with a rebellious child, or a revolutionary against the state. Labor unionism is transgression of the fifth
commandment of the law of God, Honor thy father and thy mother, as is evident
from the Heidelberg Catechisms explanation of the commandment in Lords Day 39:
That I
show all honor, love, and fidelity to my father and mother and all in authority over
me, and submit myself to their good instruction and correction with due obedience; and
also patiently bear with their weaknesses and infirmities, since it pleases God to govern
us by their hand (emphasis added).
The labor union is an
organization of laborers, not merely for the purpose of collective bargaining, but for the
purpose of regulating the business or industry according to the will of the laborers. The labor union enforces the will of the laborers
by the strike. This enforcement of the will
of the laborers against the will of the employer, which is of the very essence of
the union, is rebellion. It is rebellion by
force and violence, for the strike is the power to destroy the particular business and
ruin the owner.
Out of this fundamental
evil of the union flows all the violence characteristic of labor unions. The unions are committed to the class struggle
propounded by Marx, and many constitutions say so. Naturally,
the strike, which is as such an act of violence, breaks out in destruction of property,
threat and injury, hatred of scabs, and murder.
Corporate
Responsibility
Every member of the union,
whether he participates in the violence or not, whether he wholeheartedly approves or is
upset by the violence, is responsiblefully responsible before Godfor the
unions violence, so that in the day of judgment he will have to account for it. He willingly joined an organization committed to
rebellion against God-ordained authority. By
his membership and dues, if not by walking the picket line, he supported an organization
that forces the owner to submit to the will of the workers, that destroys property, and
that injures and kills those who oppose it.
When the enforcers of the
strike crushed the head of the truck driver on I-80/94 east of South Holland, Illinois
with chunks of concrete as part of the truckers strike, every member of the
Teamsters Union became a murderer before God. Every
member of the Union was guilty of crushing the head of that driver as much as if he had
hurled the chunks of concrete with his own hands.
This is the principle,
ordained of God, revealed in the Bible, and acknowledged widely in everyday life, of
corporate responsibility. Have no
fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them (Eph. 5:11). Let the labor union member professing Christianity
try once to reprove the union and the other members sharply at a labor union
meeting! Come out of her, my people,
that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues (Rev. 18:4).
Other
Evils, Spiritual and Civil
There are other biblical
grounds for objecting to labor union membership. I
mention four.
Scripture teaches that the
human may swear unconditional allegiance only to God.
It is written, thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou
serve (Matt.
4:10). Unions require the member to
pledge, or swear, unconditional allegiance and obedience to the union. Typical is the oath required for membership by the
International Typographical Union quoted by First Churchs Testimony,
referred to in the first installment of this series of editorials:
I hereby solemnly and sincerely swear (or affirm) that I will not reveal any business or proceedings of any meeting of this or any subordinate union to which I may hereafter be attached, unless by order of the union, except to those whom I know to be in good standing thereof; that I will, without evasion or equivocation, and to the best of my ability abide by the Constitution, By-Laws and the adopted scale of prices of any union to which I may belong; that I will at all times support the laws, regulations and decisions of the International Typographical Union, and will carefully avoid giving aid or succor to its enemies, and use all honorable means within my power to procure employment for members of the International Typographical Union in preference to others; that my fidelity to the union and my duty to the members thereof shall in no sense be interfered with by any allegiance that I may now or hereafter owe to any other organization, social, political, or religious, secret or otherwise that I will not wrong a member, or see him or her wronged, if in my power to prevent. To all of which I pledge my most sacred honor (emphasis added).
This is idolatry.
Scripture calls the
believer to brotherly communion only with fellow believers and forbids fellowship with the
ungodly. Be ye not unequally yoked
together with unbelievers (II Cor. 6:14).
The unions are brotherhoods. Constitutionally, they are brotherhoods. A Christian who is member of a union expresses
that he views unbelieving, ungodly men and women as spiritual brothers and sisters
(obviously the unions are not referring to physical brotherhood); that he shares their
principles and goals regarding labor; and that he cooperates with themis yoked
together with themin achieving their goals as member of their family. This is flagrant breach of the antithesis.
Scripture instructs the
Christian to seek the kingdom of God first, and not earthly things. But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and
his righteousness; and all these things [food, drink, clothing] shall be added unto
you (Matt.
6:33). The labor union puts wages and
benefits above all else. This is materialism,
naked materialism. In its appeal to
President Roosevelt in 1941, the synod of the Protestant Reformed Churches declared,
We refuse to become members of the Union because we condemn the principles of utter
materialism of the Union.
A fourth reason for
objecting to labor union membership is often overlooked.
The Word of God demands that we promote the kingdom of Christ with our money. This is an aspect of our stewardship regarding all
our life in the world, for which we shall also give account in the final judgment. A certain nobleman went into a far country
to receive for himself a kingdom, and to return. And
he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pounds, and said unto them, Occupy till
I come
. Wherefore then gavest not thou
my money into the bank, that at my coming I might have required mine own with usury?
(Luke
19:11-27).
As World magazine
pointed out in the issue of November 30, 2002, the labor unions spend billions of dollars
of the members union dues every year to support the most liberal political
candidates and their anti-Christian agendas. Thus,
the unions aggressively, and effectively, promote abortion, the homosexual movement, the
outlawing of capital punishment, and the like. In
fact, the labor unions, through their political lackeys, are one of the most powerful
forces driving the liberal agenda in the United States.
Many [unions] have moved on to funding liberal causes such as abortion-on-demand and school-based sexual-health clinics, opposing conservative causes such as school choice and welfare reform, and strongly supporting liberal candidates (Dues & Donts, World, Nov. 30, 2002, pp. 17-19).
By his voluntary
membership, the member of a labor union contributes to and promotes the swelling tide of
corruption in our country. Knowingly and
willingly, he pays for the coming of Antichrist.
In addition to these
biblical condemnations of labor union membership, labor unionism is un-American. The demand that a worker join a union in order to
have a job and the exclusion of a citizen from the workforce because he refuses to join a
union are contrary to the Constitution of the United States. Certainly one of the most precious aspects of the
earthly freedom recognized and guaranteed by the Constitution is the right to work. All those politicians who support big labor by
working for the closed shop are enemies of freedom.
(to be concluded)
The editor of the Standard
Bearer presented the following letter to the staff of the magazine (writers and
managing editor) at their annual meeting this past June.
I accept
your appointment to be editor of the Standard Bearer for another year.
I will not
be available for reappointment next year.
In 2004, I
will have served as editor for sixteen years. I
desire to be relieved of the burden.
Also, next
year, if God gives me life, I will be sixty-five. I
think it good for the magazine and its witness that another, younger man assume the
responsibility of editor.
I advise
the staff to appoint a committee at this meeting, to find a man who will take over the
editorship of the Standard Bearer beginning October 1, 2004.
In accordance with the
advice of this letter, the staff is presently seeking a new editor. He will take over as editor with the October 1,
2004 issue of the magazine.
Following the proposals of
their editorial committee, the staff decided on two changes of the content of the magazine
in the next volume-year (beginning October 1, 2003).
The rubric Search
the Scripture will take the form of thorough exposition of entire books of the
Bible. Such exposition will help our readers
in their systematic study of Scripture, perhaps in preparing for the Bible study classes
in the congregations. Eventually, some of
these explanations of entire books may be published as commentaries in book form. We begin with an exposition of Haggai by Rev. Ron
Hanko. Our thanks to Rev. Martin VanderWal
for his past work with this rubric.
We are dropping the rubric
Contending for the Faith. We
thank Rev. Bernie Woudenberg for his contributions.
The editorial committee
has planned a special, Reformation issue on John Calvin.
It is high time that we feature the life and work of the Reformed Reformer. This will be the October 15, 2003 issue.
Although this has nothing
to do with the staff meeting, I take this opportunity to thank Judi Doezema for the
comprehensive index to volume 79 of the Standard Bearer that appeared in the
September 15 issue.
The issue of October 1,
2003 begins volume 80 of this magazine. Eighty
years of continuous publishing of the Standard Bearer! Eighty years during which the message of the
magazine has not changed! In October 2003, as
in October 1924, the message is the riches of the Reformed faith and life as set forth in
the Three Forms of Unity on the basis of inspired Scripture.
Long may this witness to
the glory of our sovereign God and to the comfort of His covenant people continue in the Standard
Bearer!
The Protestant Reformed Sunday
School Teachers Association has just published a complete explanation of the history of
the New Testament in three hardcover volumes. The
set is titled Upon This Rock. Volume one treats Jesus Christ: His Earthly Ministry; volume two,
Jesus Christ: His Death and
Resurrection; and volume three, Jesus Christ:
His Acts Through the Apostles.
The author is long-time
writer of the Our Guide Sunday School materials, Don Doezema. The three volumes publish in book form articles
Mr. Doezema wrote some years ago for parents to use in teaching their older children.
The books arrange the
history of the New Testament in chronological order.
They relate the history in simple, lively, engaging fashion. But they do more than tell the story. The books explain the history, bringing out the
doctrinal and practical meaning of the historical events.
In treating the history of Simon the Sorcerer, in Acts 8:9-24,
Mr. Doezema writes:
We do better, before we leave the story or Simon, to consider for a moment how the inclusion of that bit of history in the biblical record can be profitable for us. It is a warning, certainly, against the sin of simonya sin that might seem a bit far removed from us. We do well, however, to consider carefully the nature and purpose of spiritual gifts. Notice first of all that they are gifts of the Spirit, conferred by the grace of God. Note further that they are to be used, not for personal gain (other than spiritual, that is) but for the edification of the church. Simon wished to use the gifts of the Spirit for mercenary reasons. We do the same today if in our use of spiritual gifts we are motivated by a desire to put ourselves on the foreground or to win the esteem of men. Think on what Calvin says concerning the purpose of gifts of the Spirit: . . . that each one may unassumingly apply the gift, that he has received, for the common benefit of the Church; and that the superiority of no individual may prevent Christ alone standing out above them all (vol. 3, pp. 96, 97).
As the quotation shows,
one of the valuable features of the work throughout is Doezemas apt citation of
good, solid biblical scholars, including Calvin, Edersheim, Lenski, Herman Hoeksema,
Ophoff, and Herman Hanko. The quotations are
always brief, never tedious. In this way, the
reader benefits from the insights of worthy scholars without the trouble of looking up the
passages in their books or articles.
This treatment of New
Testament is succinct. Each chapter,
explaining a particular event or a number of related events, runs from six to eight pages.
Helpful, and interesting,
is the light shed on events from the history of the Old Testament and from extra-biblical
sources. The explanation of the appearance of
the angel to Zacharias in the temple informs the reader concerning the ceremony of burning
incense (vol. 1, pp. 2-5). The treatment of
Pauls work in Corinth indicates the notorious depravity of that citythe San
Francisco or Amsterdam of its day (vol. 3, pp. 266, 267).
Doezema does not avoid the
difficulties. Where there are legitimate
differences of opinion, he gives both possibilities and leaves the issue an open question
(although often stating his own judgment on the matter).
An instance is the question whether the Ethiopian eunuch was literally a eunuch. Lenski says he was; Calvin says he was not. Doezema leaves the question
undecided, but not before expressing his preference for the view of Lenski (vol. 3,
pp. 101, 102).
The account of Pauls
mission labors recorded in Acts, in volume 3 of the set, refers to corresponding teachings
in the epistles. The treatment of the
Jerusalem Council, for example, as recorded in Acts 15, calls
attention to Pauls epistle to the Galatians and the doctrinal issues in this
epistle.
Parents, Sunday School
teachers, Christian school teachers, and even ministers will find this work useful in
teaching children the history of the New Testament. All
will find it instructive and edifying for themselves.
Each volume contains a
complete textual index with passages on which chapters are based in bold print. There is also an index of subjects.
The covers show the
attractive design we are coming to expect from Jeff Steenholdt.
The price of the three
volumes is $30 ($10 per volume) plus shipping. Each
volume is more than four hundred pages. Orders
should be sent to the Protestant Reformed Seminary, 4949 Ivanrest Ave., SW, Grandville, MI 49418.
Members of the Protestant
Reformed Churches are advised that these books will be made available to them within their
own congregations through the local Sunday School association.
Your editorial on Jean Taffins little book [The Marks of Gods Children, Baker, 2003] in the
August 2003 Standard Bearer was a blessing. Especially
I was heartened to find another who so well described my feelings about excess
introspection combined with a deficit of trust, joy, assurance, and praise. I have put the editorial in my assurance file. It should also guide me away from some
Reformed preachers and groups.
Lewis
Price
Batesville,
AR
Please allow me to make a few remarks on the matter of lying, addressed in SB of April 15, 2003, p. 322, and SB of July 2003,
p. 415.
We should be weary of
applying our Western, static notion of truth and falsehood to Gods Word. We always expect the word truth to be
used as a predicative attribute or adjective as in this is the truth. However, the Bible uses expressions such as
to walk in the truth (I Kings 2:4;
3:6; Ps. 26:3;
II John 4;
III John
3, 4), to obey the truth (Gal. 3:1; 5:7;
I Peter
1:22), and to do (work, perform) the truth (II Chron. 31:20,
Micah 7:20,
John 3:21,
Rom. 2:8,
I John
1:6). This indicates that the truth is
not an abstract entity that can be easily judged externally but that it pertains to a
lifestyle that is desirous to have a good conscience toward God, accompanied with actual
deeds, yielding completely to Him, who is the Way, the Truth, and the Life.
That some instances of
lying in the Bible seem to be condoned cannot be satisfactorily explained because personal
motives would have been pure or that there were compelling circumstances, but it can be
explained because there was a conflict between a lower command and a higher command,
between an earthly treasure and a spiritual treasure.
Jacobs priority was to have the covenantal blessing of Isaac, whereas Esau
despised his birthright. Marys priority
was to sit at Jesus feet, whereas Martha could not set the household needs aside ( Luke 10). Jesus deals with this priority theme in the
parable of the Unjust Steward ( Luke 16). For the midwives there was a conflict between the
command of lower pharaoh to kill and the command of almighty God not to kill. For Rahab there was a choice between perishing
with the Canaanites and finding protection with the people of God. The key to understand the condoning of the lying
is found in the fact that they feared God more than men.
Concerning the midwives it says emphatically in Exodus 1:17
and in 1:21 that they feared God. In Joshua
2:9-11, trembling Rahab expresses her fear because of the terror and the mighty acts
of God.
When there is a conflict
between obeying God and obeying men, Christians should have no problem making a choice (Acts 5:29). It is my conviction that those who lied against
the Nazis in WW II did so because they feared God, who commands not to kill, more
than Hitler, whose intent was to annihilate the Jews.
Let us, who live sixty years away from WW II, stand in awe of the heroic deeds
of faith whereby these liars risked, and many times paid with, their lives.
Nevertheless, the point of
your article is well made. We are prone to
lie because of selfish, earthly reasons. Then
our heart will condemn us (I John
3:20, 21). We must certainly be critical
of our own motives and see whether they are genuinely rooted in the fear of God. But I am sure that betrayal of a Jew would have
gnawed more at the conscience than speaking a lie to a Nazi.
May God continue to bless
your beautiful magazine!
J.
L. Reckman
Aylmer,
Ontario
Canada
Prof.
Hanko is professor emeritus of Church History and New Testament in the Protestant Reformed
Seminary.
The
Synod of Dordt
It is not our purpose to give a
history of the Synod of Dordt in this article, but we do wish to sum up the work of the
synod, particularly its composition and adoption of the Canons, and the significance of
this synod for the history of the Reformed faith.
Over the years a debate
has been carried on between defenders of the Westminster Confessions and people loyal to
Dordt over the question of whether the Synod of Dordt or the Westminster Assembly is the
greatest assembly of divines in post-Reformation times.
I am not interested in entering the debate. Nor
is there any answer to the question that will satisfy.
The meetings were for different purposes. They
were brought about by different circumstances. They
produced different types of documents. And
they are of significance for different parts of the Calvinistic church world.
Nevertheless, the Synod of
Dordt was one of the great ecclesiastical assemblies of all time. To note a few reasons why this is true would be
worth our while.
First of all, the Arminian
controversy itself is instructive and enlightening, because it gives us an insight into
the way heretics usually operate in the church. Heretics
attempt to clothe their erroneous positions in ambiguous and outwardly orthodox language. Their motive is deception. They attempt to present aberrations from the faith
as genuine Reformed doctrine. They plead that
they are simply stating old truths in new and fresh ways, or that they are giving the
people of God fresh and innovative insights into long-cherished doctrines. But they lie.
A noted Presbyterian
theologian of the last century, Samuel Miller, writes thus of Arminius:
This is a painful narrative. It betrays a want of candour and integrity on the part of a man [Arminius] otherwise respectable, which it affords no gratification even to an adversary to record. It may be truly said, however, to be the stereotyped history of the commencement of every heresy which has arisen in the Christian church. When heresy arises in an evangelical body, it is never frank and open. It always begins by skulking, and assuming a disguise. Its advocates, when together, boast of great improvements, and congratulate one another on having gone greatly beyond the old dead orthodoxy, and having left behind many of its antiquated errors, as they differ from it only in words. This has been the standing course of errorists ever since the apostolic age. They are almost never honest and candid as a party, until they gain strength enough to be sure of some degree of popularity.
As heretics spread their
views in the church and attempt to persuade others, they plead for toleration, but
toleration only so long as they are in the minority.
As soon as they detect that their views are ready to be received into the church,
they become, towards those who oppose them, the most intolerant of people. One author writes: The toleration which
these men [the Arminians] pleaded for, was precisely like that which Papists demand as
emancipation that is, power and full liberty to draw over others to their party by
every artful means, till they become strong enough to refuse toleration to all other
men.
The Canons arose out of
controversy in which the truth of God Himself was at stake.
Secondly, the significance
of the synod lies in the fact that it was international in character. Delegates from every Reformed country and province
in Europe were present, with the exception of delegates from France, who were refused
passage out of their country. The
intellectual and spiritual gifts of the delegates are astounding. The list of delegates reads like a
Whos Who of Europes outstanding theologians. They were all devoted to the Reformed faith
though some to a greater degree than others. The
only real sympathizers of the Arminian position were the delegates from Bremen and two of
the delegates from England. The Canons are an
expression of what Europe, one hundred years after the beginning of the Reformation,
considered to be the truth of Scripture, of the Reformed confessions, and of the Reformed
churches of Europe.
Thirdly, the Canons are a
sharp and unambiguous condemnation of all forms of Arminianism. It would be difficult to improve on the Canons in
any respect, for their negative refutation and positive statement of the truth are
unexcelled in the history of the church. One
will not find a clearer statement of the error of Arminianism than there is in the
declarations of the synod that met in Dordrecht.
This implies several other
truths concerning the Canons. In the first
place, the Canons connect unmistakably the error of Arminianism with the error of
Pelagianism, and, indeed, call Arminianism the old Pelagian heresy resurrected out of
hell.
In the second place, the
Canons repudiate all the implications of the Arminian error, even a conditional salvation. Dr. Fred Klooster, long-time professor of
theology in Calvin Theological Seminary, could say: the
Canons refute an Arminianism [which] is characterized by conditionalism. The very word
condition, when it appears at all, is found in the mouth of the
Arminian.
Thirdly, the Canons
repudiate every effort to smuggle into the church Arminianism under the guise of a grace
common to all men and a general desire on Gods part to save all men. But, while the Canons are devastating in their
repudiation of the Arminianism implied in these doctrines, the Canons do not become
hyper-Calvinist or radically one-sided. They
insist that the gospel must be preached to all to whom God is pleased to send it. They teach clearly that in the gospel is both the
promise of salvation to all who believe and the command of God that men turn from their
sins and believe in Christ. And when dealing
with predestination, the Canons are careful to point out that election and reprobation are
one decree, that that one decree is absolutely sovereign, but that the conclusion may not
be drawn that as election is the fountain and cause of faith, reprobation is in the
same manner the cause of unbelief.
Fourthly, the Canons are
solid in their discussion of the extent of the atonement.
In their statement concerning this doctrine, they specifically state that the
extent of the atonement, also in the purpose of God, is limited to the elect and to
them only. This is stronger than the
Westminster Confessions. While limiting the
extent of the atonement to the elect, Westminster, in full awareness of what Dordt had
decided, deliberately dropped the exclusionary phrase, and for them only. At least in part this was done because of serious
objections to it by the Amyraldians who were present on the Assembly.
All these characteristics
of the Canons make them an insurmountable barrier against Arminianism. The Canons served that purpose in the seventeenth
century; they continue to serve that purpose today. The
only way to introduce Arminianism into the church is to bypass the Canons. And so it happens.
The significance of the
Canons lies further in the fact that the Canons are explanations of some points of
doctrine found in the Confession of Faith and the Heidelberg Catechism. The Arminians wanted the confessions to be revised
so as to make them more congenial to their heresies.
The Reformed churches at Dordt insisted that these confessions were the truth of
the Scriptures and that the Canons only made explicit what was implicit in them.
Yet, the Canons appeal as
proof of their statements to Scripture alone. The
synod was forced to do this. The Arminians
insisted on it and the government laid this down as the one restriction that the synod was
to observe. And so the Canons prove their
teachings from Scripture alone. But this does
not mean that they wanted to separate the Canons from the other two creeds. Nor did it mean that the fathers at Dordt conceded
the point that doctrine had to be proved from Scripture alone. They specifically, in the Formula of Subscription,
which Dordt drew up, stated that all officebearers must agree with the Confession of Faith
and the Heidelberg Catechism together with the explanation of some points of the
aforesaid doctrine made by the National Synod of Dordrecht, 1618-19.
Finally, the Canons are
eminently pastoral. Much has been written
about this, and we need not develop this idea beyond stating it. But in this respect too the Canons are more
appealing than the Westminster Confession of Faith. The
latter is objective in its doctrinal statements; the Canons are intended for pastoral use
in the churches and for demonstrating to the faithful the remarkable comfort that is to be
derived from a firm commitment to the truths of Gods sovereign grace as they apply
to all areas of our life. So pastoral are
they that I have frequently used them myself in pastoral work, and I am sure other pastors
have done the same. Although all the Canons
speak to the heart of the believer as well as to his mind, the last chapter on the
perseverance of the saints is so alive with the warmth of Gods great faithfulness to
us in all our unworthiness that I find it strengthening and encouraging to read for
personal devotions at times of great temptation. They
have brought solace to the hearts of many troubled, doubting, anxious souls.
God used the great errors
of Arminius to give to the church this remarkable document.
I began these articles by saying that though Dordt was a mighty victory in the battle for the truths of Gods sovereign and particular grace, Arminius won the war. So it would seem. Nevertheless, there is now and there always will be, until the Lord returns, faithful people of God who love and cherish the Canons.
Prof.
Dykstra is professor of Church History and New Testament in the Protestant Reformed
Seminary.
The Christian school teacher is
engaged in an unceasing battle with humanism. The
battles are fierce and the foe relentless because the stakes are high. All of secular education has been won over to the
philosophy that man is the measure of all things. The
one true God has been banned from the classroom, and many false gods have been set up in
His place. Even in the realm of Christian
education, humanism has made powerful inroads into the curriculum and instruction. Only in the faithful Christian school is God
honored in all the Christ-centered instruction. The
Christian school teacher is duty bound to reject humanism in all its forms and set forth
God and His law, not man, as the standard. Hence,
Satan uses every means to wear down these teachers in order to influence their thinking
and their instruction.
In the face of the
unrelenting attacks that come from every side and the powerful tools used to promote
humanism, teachers might well wonder what weapons are available for the battle. They are not to wonder God has provided a
powerful arsenal for both the Christian school teacher and the students.
First, God gives the
subjective weapon of faith. Faith in Christ
is the subjective principle that distinguished the Reformation from the Renaissance. The Renaissance placed its hope in Man. The Reformation, on the other hand, hoped in God
alone.
Faith is not a blind
belief in that which cannot be proved. It is
rather a firm belief in the God who has clearly revealed Himself in Christ. And Jehovah God is so obviously real as to be
beyond proof. Must Christians prove to the
ungodly humanist that God exists? The
believer replies Look about you, man. The
creation testifies in innumerable ways that God is, and must be served. It is His handiwork. He governs the creation and history.
The point is that
Gods existence is so obvious that it is beyond proof.
One might just as well ask a man to prove to his companion that it is raining, as
they run into a building dripping wet from a torrential downpour. The evidence is all there. What could be added to prove it?
Faith is also the victory
that overcomes the world. That, because faith
is in Christ. In and through the cross, He
has overcome Satan, the world of the ungodly, death, and hell. The gates of hell cannot prevail against the
church. The victory is Christs, and
therefore it is ours. Christian school
teachers, know this: You fight not for
the victory, but in victory. So,
likewise, do your students.
Faith is the subjective
weapon or armor of the believer. And because
it is Gods work in us, it cannot be destroyed.
God gives more for the
battle. The primary objective weapon is
Scripture. The Bible is the believers
source material and standard of truth. Humanism
draws from a different fountain. Humanism
looks to the Greeks, to Darwin, to science falsely so called as perverted by unbelief, and
to various philosophers.
Believers go back to the
source, the infallibly inspired Word of God. With
Jesus we confess: Thy word is truth. And with Him we add: Sanctify us, and our students, by thy truth.
A significant goal of all
covenant instruction is to teach the students to think biblically! Every trend, every attitude, every advertisement,
every outstanding man or woman set up by the world as admirable, must be evaluated in the
light of the Bible. You as teachers must not
in any way neglect your study of the Bible for your own personal spiritual growth. You must think biblically!
We do well to remember
that the Bible is a spiritual weapon. It is
not a mere book of rules. Scripture is the
revelation of God and His will. And
God uses the Bible to impress upon teachers and students alike His will and way.
Of course, teachers must
use logic to show how the Word of God applies, that is, how Scripture exposes and condemns
all humanism! However, good logic is not
ultimately what will equip the students to condemn the evil and forsake it. Rather, the Holy Spirit applies the Word to the
hearts of believing students, opens their understanding, and gives them a love for God and
His truth and a corresponding loathing of humanism. That
fact gives teachers every reason to hope!
Teachers do not face the
battle defenseless, nor in the hope of their own strength.
They are equipped.
And yet, they must know
more. God has given to Christian school
teachers the perfect gift to enable them to be proactive, not merely defensive in the
battle. It is what might be called the
biblical alternative, or even, the antidote to humanism. That
antidote is the covenant of grace that God establishes with His people in Christ.
That the covenant can play
this role is easily apparent. Humanism is a
way of life. So also is the covenant. Humanism and the covenant are at antipodes in
every area of life.
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